Prologue
The number of unnatural deaths, p. 3: Daily Telegraph, 16 Dec 2011.
That was the year, p. 3, More Or Less, BBC Radio 4, 2 Jan 2011.
THE 1950s
1 God save the…
He killed nine hares, p. 7: Barrow, Gossip, p. 166.
The King, looking well, p. 7: Manchester Guardian, 1 Feb 1952.
He described the King, p. 8: Channon, Chips, entry 2 Feb 1952.
The King did not know, p. 8: Moran, Winston Churchill, p. 342.
The doctors had known, p. 9 footnote, Thorpe ed., Who’s In, Who’s Out, p. 319.
Colville tried to reassure him, p. 9: Pimlott, The Queen, p. 176.
Philip, when told by his aide, p. 9: Lacey, Royal, p. 166.
In Richard Vinen’s history, p. 11: Vinen, National Service, p. 399.
In Whitehall, civil servants, p. 12: author’s interview, Lord Armstrong of Ilminster, 2018.
2 The state of her realm, 1952
In the week the King died, p. 13: Country Life, 1 Feb 1952.
In some places, p. 14: Postgate, Good Food Guide, passim.d
A woman lunching at the Savoy, p. 16: Sissons and French, Age of Austerity, p. 16.
A little-known operation, p. 16: King, British Political Opinion, p. 2.
In 1950 Churchill, p. 16: Moran, Queuing for Beginners, p. 129.
Labours plans to pierce, p. 16: Huxford, Korean War in Britain, p. 1.
Even what was then, p. 16: Manchester Guardian, 25 Oct 1951.
Churchill called the whole event, p. 17: The Reunion, BBC Radio 4, 24 Aug 2003, http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/reunion/reunion5.shtml.
The writer Michael Frayn, p. 17: Sissons and French, Age of Austerity, p. 331.
It was, in Frayn’s words, p. 17: Sissons and French, Age of Austerity, p. 352.
The aftermath of war, p. 18: Nead, Tiger in the Smoke, p. 155.
Between 1960 and 1990, p. 18: Paul Simons, The Times, 29 April 2020.
The designers commissioned, p. 18: Nead, Tiger in the Smoke, p. 146.
Many early West Indian migrants, p. 19: Wills, Lovers and Strangers, p. 19.
Mike Phillips from Guyana, p. 19: Phillips and Phillips, Windrush, p. 145.
But there is no reason, p. 19: Hennessy, Having It So Good, p. 84.
The per capita consumption, p. 19: Kynaston, Family Britain, p. 176.
In the ten years after the war, p. 19: Brown, Death of Christian Britain, p. 170.
Living in sin, p. 20: Akhtar and Humphries, Fifties and Sixties, p. 160.
Lowly clerks, p. 23: Kynaston, Family Britain, p. 541.
More than a third, p. 24: Inwood, History of London, p. 823-4.
In 1951, anyone earning £15,000, p. 24: Lewis, The Fifties, p. 11; https://www.measuringworth.com/datasets/ukearncpi/
May 1954, butter, p. 25: Hennessy, Having It So Good, p. 9 (rationing dates); Philip Eden in Engel, Wisden Cricketers Almanack, p. 22 (weather stats).
The ford is undoubtedly there, p. 25: The Times, 26 March 1952.
Richard and James Norris, p. 26: Daily Telegraph, 21 April 1952.
Later that summer, p. 26: Daily Mail, 16 Sep 1952.
In 1951, John Straffen, p. 26: Daily Mail, 30 April 1952; The Guardian,26 May 2001 and 22 Nov 2007.
Children everywhere, boys mainly, p. 27: Daily Worker, 27 May 1952;
The Daily Mail leader, p. 28: Daily Mail, 7 Sep 1952.
Cobb’s record did not count, p. 28: The Times, 30 Sep 1952, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYrafKbTqV4.
It was turned down, p. 29: Prose, Anne Frank, p. 81.
The year 1952 promises, p. 29, New York Times, 4 May 1952.
New York Times had given up, p. 30: New York Times, 27 Aug and 4 Sep 1952.
Except in the Daily Mail, p. 30: Daily Mail, 27 Oct 1952.
It was planned and executed, p. 31: Campbell, Underworld, pp. 51–52.
People say today in Surrey, p. 31: Daily Telegraph, 14 March 1952.
The Mail called for, p. 31: Daily Mail, 29 May 1952.
Black sombre buildings, p. 32: Manchester Guardian, 14 Dec 1929 and 13 Dec 1935.
In late Nov 1952, p. 32: Manchester Guardian, 27 Nov 1952.
Colonel Marcus Lipton, p. 33: Hansard, 22 Jan 1953.
The casualties also included, p. 33: Daily Telegraph, 9 Sep 1953.
According to the Met Office, p. 34: Met Office, https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/learn-about/weather/case-studies/great-smog.
When the National Smoke Abatement Society, p. 34: Manchester Guardian, 2 Oct 1953.
I’m sure any Cunard captain, p. 34: Daily Mail, 3 Sep 1952.
3 The crowning glory
The day the King died, p. 36: Davies ed., Kenneth Williams Diaries, p. 71.
Throughout that February, p. 36: Lacey, Royal, p. 171.
Even the Catholic Bishop of Leeds, p. 37: The Times, 15 Feb 1952.
The King might have done it, p. 38: Moran, Winston Churchill, p. 337.
Lovely, inspiring, p. 38: Moran, Winston Churchill, p. 403.
A reporter spotted one, p. 39: Daily Mail, 20 June 1952.
Most of the Tories, p. 40: Thorpe, Who’s In, Who’s Out, p. 462.
I am the only man, p. 41: Pimlott, The Queen, p. 185.
In 1953 The Elizabethan, p. 42: The Times, 29 June 1953.
What we want in this Elizabethan era, p. 42: Manchester Guardian,11 June 1957.
The new Elizabethan age, p. 42: The Times, 25 Feb 1952.
Though it is credited, p. 42: The Times, 18 Jan 1996.
One historian saw, p. 43: Howard, Captain Professor
There was one other complainant, p. 44: Edgerton, p. 256.
The next decision, p. 44: Lacey, Royal, p. 181.
In Oct 1952, p. 44: Daily Telegraph, 21 Oct 1952.
A bad and reactionary, p. 45: Daily Express, 21 Oct 1952.
A monumental piece, p. 45: Daily Mirror, 22 Oct 1952.
Meanwhile, the case for the defence, p. 45: Daily Telegraph, 29 Oct 1952.
But Churchill – who wanted the Coronation, p. 45: Memorandum by Prime Minister, 27 Oct 1952, CAB 129/56/17.
The BBC sensed the wind, p. 45: author’s interview, Sir Paul Fox, 2011.
Archbishop Fisher was perhaps, p. 45: Hennessy, Having It So Food p. 243
The makers of souvenir trinkets, p. 45: Hopkins, New Look, p. 292.
Potential American tourists, p. 45: Daily Telegraph, 4 Sep 1952.
Conversation has taken on, p. 46: Channon, Chips, 24 Nov 1952.
And even the Cabinet, p. 46: Cabinet minutes, 13 Nov 1952, CAB 128/24/46.
As Elizabeth II came down, p. 50: Lacey, Royal, p. 181.
In an anteroom at the Abbey, p. 51: Pimlott, The Queen, p. 218.
4 What’s on tonight?
I have been dragged along, p. 52: Daily Express,7 Oct 1953.
He was frustrated, p. 53: ODNB.
An episode does survive, p. 53: BBC, 5 Oct 1957, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Thk2OZ6lAY.
Exactly a week after the Coronation, p. 54: Radio Times, 5 June 1953.
The social historian Joe Moran, p. 55: Moran, Armchair Nation, p. 81.
Opponents immediately christened, p. 55: Sampson, Anatomy of Britain p. 604–6.
Somebody introduced dog-racing, p. 56: Hansard, 22 May 1952 and 1 July 1954.
Whenever Snagge’s short-wave, p. 56: Leonard Miall, The Independent, 28 March 1996.
The Labour MP Christopher Mayhew, p. 57: Daily Telegraph, 6 Feb 1954.
To quell the unease, p. 57: Daily Telegraph, 21 May 1954.
It was revealed by Godfrey Baseley, p. 58: The Independent, 4 Feb 1997; Daily Telegraph, 16 April 2008; Smethurst, The Archers, p. 64.
The actual figures, p. 59: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/livebirths/articles/trendsinbirthsanddeathsoverthelastcentury/2015-07-15; https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/vital-events/births/births-time-series-data.
A survey by Mass Observation, p. 59: Obelkevich and Cattell, Post-War British Society, p. 145
Look at mummy’s washing, p. 59: Boxshall, Every Home, p. 73–4.
She doesn’t have to search, p. 59: Boxshall, Every Home, p. 80.
Three-quarters of all furniture, p. 60: Moran, Armchair Nation, p. 208.
Joe Moran has said, p. 60: Moran, Armchair Nation, p. 117.
At the peak of his fame, p. 60: Obituary, Daily Telegraph, 22 Feb 2003.
Gardening was already, p. 61: Kynaston, Family Britain, p. 185.
Arthur Hellyer, who wrote, p. 61: Hellyer, Amateur Gardener, pp. 765–6.
5 Women and children
I had to be out washing, p. 62: Beaumont, Housewives and Citizens, p. 79.
The tradition had been fading, p. 62: Manchester Guardian, 31 Oct 1939.
Then, in the spring of 1953, p. 63: Akhtar and Humphries, Fifties and Sixties, p. 15; Lewis, The Fifties, p. 46
Another 1953 book, p. 64: Brittain, Lady Into Woman, p. 235.
The percentage of women, p. 64: Obelkevich and Cattel, Post-War British Society, p. 62.
The area agent reported back, p. 65: Kynaston, Family Britain, p. 121.
She tried for another seat, p. 65: John Gray, New Statesman,8 Nov 2019.
The ethos was clear, p. 66: Whitehorn, Selective Memory, p. 103–5.
Polling data suggests, p. 66: The Economist, 3 Feb 2018.
Barbara Hosking had her first job, p. 66: New Statesman, 17 Nov 2017; London Review of Books 9 May 2019.
Barbara MacArthur joined the Cardiff City Police, p. 66: The Oldie, 13 Nov 2019.
The Foreign Office began, p. 67: Hopkins, New Look, p. 320.
High-school heads complained, p. 67: Hopkins, New Look, p. 323.
One major department store, p. 67: The Times, 2 July 1956.
In 1956 the mayor, p. 67: Daily Express, 12 Sep 1956.
Bloody maddening, p. 67: Daily Telegraph, 6 Dec 2012.
It was “Go to your Aunt Lill’s”, p. 69: Thompson, The Stepney Doorstep Society
Ysenda Maxtone Graham, who mined, p. 70: Maxtone Graham, British Summer Time, p. 38 and 27.
Eight-year-old Craig Mackie (and other adventurous children), p. 70: Daily Express: 20 June 1953, 16 Aug 1956, 28 Dec 1957, 31 Dec 1957, 6 May 1958, 15 Sep 1958, 31 Oct 1957.
Cowboys and Indians produced etc., p. 71: Daily Express, 31 Jan 1953, 7 April 1956 and 26 Aug 1957.
On the last weekend, p. 72: Manchester Guardian, 1 Feb 1954.
6 The moral tone
The figure of 15 per cent, p. 74: Quoted in Kynaston, Family Britain, p. 532.
Nearly three-quarters of marriages, p. 74: Brown, Death of Christian Britain, p. 191.
A country regulated by the Shops Act 1950, p. 74: Shops Act 1950, First Schedule.
I think that he is a good man, p. 75: Daily Mirror, 21 May 1954.
At the end of each London rally, p. 75: Brown, Death of Christian Britain, p. 173.
An element of something, p. 75: Brown and Woodward, That Was the Church, p. 118.
The Bishop of Coventry, p. 76: Daily Express, 13 and 14 Jan 1955.
Even the Guardian’s postbag was mixed, p. 76: Manchester Guardian 8 and 15 Jan 1955. The text of the talks is online at humanism.org.uk/humanism/the-humanist-tradition/20th-century-humanism/margaret-knight/.
In 1944, Air Chief Marshal, p. 77: Daily Telegraph, 21 June 1995.
Before the fuss died away, p. 78: Daily Mirror, 17 July 1953.
Halfway through Townsend’s exile, p. 78: Daily Express, 9 Oct 1954.
So were about 300 hacks, p. 79: Lacey, Royal, p. 192.
For Peter and Margaret, p. 79: Pimlott, The Queen, p. 236.
And then, on Halloween, p. 79: Lacey, Royal, p. 193.
As the fuss was fading, p. 80: Daily Telegraph, 3 Nov 1955.
7 The immoral tone
One day in the fifties, p. 81: Norden, Clips from a Life, pp. 152–3.
It was summed up, p. 82: Paddy Roberts, L’anglais avec son sang-froid.
It announced in bold type, p. 83: Daily Mirror, 20 Aug 1953.
The News of the World’sgreat rival, p. 83: Ferris, Sex and the British, p. 153.
Mary Brown, then the Mirrors, p. 84: Daily Mirror, 22 Aug 1953
The future MP Julian Critchley, p. 85: Critchley, Bag of Boiled Sweets,
Otherwise, as the historian, p. 85: Ferris, Sex and the British
The nylon stocking was still, p. 85: Lewis, The Fifties, p. 43.
Clients had to sit in a row, p. 86: Ferris, Sex and the British, p. 154–5
In Kate Thompsons, p. 86: Thompson, p. 260–1
Lorna Sage became pregnant, p. 86: Sage, p. 252–60.
The Mary Grant column, p. 87: Whitehorn, p. 106.
Their response was undiscerning, p. 88: Travis, Bound and Gagged, p. 94.
They were rich, p. 88: saucyseasidepostcards.com; ONDB: Donald McGill.
In June 1954, p. 88: Manchester Guardian, 30 July and 16 Sep 1954.
Raymond Chandler and Dashiell Hammett, p. 89: Daily Mail, 4 Jan 2014.
The judge at the Old Bailey, p. 89: Daily Telegraph, 20 Jan 1954.
They obviously did not know, p. 90: Harvey, To Fall like Lucifer, p. 102–8.
Maxwell Fyfe told the Commons, p. 91: Hansard, 3 Dec 1953.
The most publicized case, p. 92: Daily Telegraph and Daily Express, 25 March 1954.
Meanwhile, the Admiralty, p. 92: Kynaston, Family Britain, p. 332.
By the time Gielgud, p. 93: Morley, John G, p. 243–9.
On the other hand, p. 93: Daily Express, 26 Nov 1953.
As he wrote to his friend, p. 93: Gielgud, Letters, p. 172.
The doctor reassured him, p. 93: Akhtar and Humphries, Fifties and Sixties, p. 173.
Sir Michael Howard (the military historian), p. 93, footnote: Howard, Captain Professor, p. 128.
Terence Rattigan told, p. 93: The Times, 21 June 2019.
”Binkie” Beaumont, p. 93: Morley, John G, p. 240
Later in the decade, p. 94: Haslam, Redeeming Features, p. 105
When one, the left-winger, p. 94: Wheen, Tom Driberg, p. 190–1
From 1953, the press, p. 94: Hall, Sex, Gender and Social Change, p. 162.
The well-informed Australian, p. 94: Wildeblood, Against the Law, p. 45.
When appointed, p. 95: Morley, John G, p. 249.
She went back to motor racing, p. 95: Daily Mail, 2 Sep 1957.
One paper called it, p. 95: Daily Herald, 6 March 1954.
8 Let him have it, Goddard
He put paid to, p. 96:, capitalpunishmentuk.org/timeline.html.
From the very first, p. 97: Daily Mail, 3 Nov 1952.
A three-quarter wit, p. 97: Bresler, Lord Goddard, p. 255.
A great man, p. 98: Bresler, Lord Goddard, Foreword by Denning, pp. v–vii.
Goddard did like to make, p. 98: Bresler, Lord Goddard, p. 252
His summing-up, p. 98: Yallop, Encourage the Others, pp. 391–400.
Even Goddard said privately, p. 99: Yallop, Encourage the Others, p. 240.
Maxwell Fyfe had insisted, p. 99: Hansard, 14 April 1948.
In his memoirs, he even, p. 99: Kilmuir, Political Adventure, p. 206
There were other policemen present, p. 99: Ingrams, Ludo, p. 20–1.
Members of both families, p. 99: Paget and Silverman, Hanged, p. 92.
She knocked on the prison gate, p. 100: Gattey, Mrs Van der Elst, p. 200.
Not everyone in the crowd agreed, p. 100: Manchester Guardian, 29 Jan 1953.
Christies trial began, p. 102: Daily Express, 27 June 1953.
Then the black cap, p. 102: Private information.
As the justice campaigner, p. 102: Woffinden, Miscarriages of Justice, pp. 14–15.
He asked a QC, p. 103: Daily Express, 7 July 1953.
Maxwell Fyfe, asked to delay, p. 103: The Times, 30 July 1953.
George Kelly of Liverpool, p. 104: The Guardian, 11 June 2003.
Mahmood Hussein Mattan, p. 104: The Times, 7 June 2001.
Styllou Christofi, p. 104: capitalpunishmentuk.org/christofi.html.
The crime historian, p. 104: Campbell, Underworld, p. 54.
The Messina clan from Malta, p. 104: Campbell, We’ll All Be Murdered in our Beds, p. 94.
Hill, in particular, p. 105: The Guardian, 3 July 2011.
The basics were, p. 106: Fyvel, Insecure Offenders, p. 52.
The least confident, p. 106: Picture Post, 29 May 1954.
One social worker thought, p. 106: Fyvel, Insecure Offenders, p. 22.
After the incident on Clapham Common, p. 106: edwardianteddyboy.com.
But in 1958 a guard, p. 107: Daily Express, 27 Oct 1958.
9 Shoulders back!
There were means of escape, p. 108: Hickman, The Call-Up, p. 13.
Many had never slept away, p. 109: Vinen, National Service, p. 137.
About three-quarters, p. 109: Estimate of Leslie Thomas (author of The Virgin Soldiers) in Hickman, The Call-Up, p. 191.
Between 1945 and 1963, p. 109: Hennessy, Having It So Good, p. 79.
Rather more died, p. 109: Vinen, National Service,p. 13.
The cricketer Colin Cowdrey, p. 111: Tennant, The Cowdreys, p. 42–3.
Later in 1955, p. 111: Daily Express, 18 Aug 1955.
The actor Johnny Briggs, p. 111: Hickman, The Call-Up, p. 289.
One old soldier, p. 112: News Chronicle, 27 Sep 1954; Daily Mirror,22 July 1961.
Is your father a Labour MP? p. 112: Daily Express, 3 March 1956.
His purpose was evil, p. 112: Daily Mirror, 7 March 1953.
Never have I met, p. 112: Kynaston, Family Britain, p. 271.
Only one Briton, p. 112: The Guardian, 16 and 23 March 1991.
It was later alleged, p. 112: The Guardian, 23 and 30 March 1992.
Burgess and Maclean, p. 113: Henniker, Painful Extractions, pp. 112–3.
However, one former, p. 113: Hennessy, Having It So Good, p. 167.
And for Biggles, p. 114: Kynaston, Family Britain, p. 89.
No analogy, p. 114: Sergey Radchenko, Love Us As We Are: Khrushchev’s 1956 Charm Offensive in the UK, https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/love-us-we-are-khrushchevs-1956-charm-offensive-the-uk
10 Summoned by buzzers
The rail marshalling yard, p. 117: Rail magazine, 9 May 2018.
The priority for ICI, p. 118: Owen, From Empire to Europe, p. 341.
In 1939, one story goes, p. 119: New York Review of Books, 20 March 1975.
In 1958, E. W. D. Tennant, p. 120: The Times, 27 Dec 1958.
THE 8.15 IS BACK AGAIN, p. 120: Daily Express, 15 June 1955.
General Sir Brian Robertson, p. 120: Daily Express, 14 Dec 1953.
Rab Butler, the Chancellor, p. 120: Roberts, Eminent Churchillians, p. 267
Salt-of-the-earth types, p. 121: Frank Johnson, quoted in Roberts, Eminent Churchillians, p. 254.
Differential was declared, p. 121: Daily Express, 7 June 1951.
There was a six-month, p. 121: The Times, 5 June 1956.
However, Geoffrey Owen, p. 121: Owen, From Empire to Europe, pp. 98 and 460.
A train driver in Essex, p. 122: Daily Telegraph, 16 April 1956.
A blind radio, p. 122: Daily Express, 5 April 1957.
A crane driver, p. 122: Daily Telegraph, 28 May 1954; Daily Express, 7 Dec 1954.
Maintenance engineers, p. 122: Daily Telegraph, 13 Aug 1954.
One cutter at a Burtons, p. 122: Daily Telegraph, 20 Feb 1954.
Four men employed, p. 122: Daily Mail, 27 Jan 1953.
A nurse in Suffolk, p. 122: Daily Express, 12 Nov 1953.
And in Cardiff, p. 123: Daily Telegraph, 6 Oct 1953.
On top of that, p. 124: Owen, From Empire to Europe, p. 192.
Much more startling, p. 124: The Times, 17 July 1956.
The trouble with, p. 124: Barry Coleman, The Guardian, 3 Jan 1975.
In 1955, before Sir Bernard’s, p. 125: Daily Express, 18 Jan 1955.
One day Donald Zec, p. 125: Zec, Knife in Gently, p. 27.
11 Years of living dangerously
There was still Lord Noel-Buxton, p. 126: Barrow, Gossip, 15 Sep 1954; The Times, 16 Sep 1954; Hull Daily Mail, 19 Aug 2018.
At an air show in Liverpool, p. 127: Manchester Guardian, 22 May 1956; Clive Barker, The Guardian, 29 Sep 1999.
In racing, the steeplechase jockeys, p. 127: Daily Express, 6 July 1956.
The news was announced, p. 127: Daily Express, 28 Sep 1956.
In 1953 Jaguar, p. 127: Obituary, The Times, 12 Sep 2019.
He was half in love, p. 128: Lewis, The Fifties, p. 123.
Deaths came on the railways, p. 128: Daily Express, 24 Dec 1955.
They came on the increasingly, p. 128: Daily Telegraph, 21 March 1953; Daily Express, 7 April 1956.
Nighties caught light, p. 129: Daily Express, 20 July 1955.
Indeed, people smoked, p. 129: Manchester Guardian, 30 July 1954, and authors memory.
A doctor at Derbyshire, p. 129: Chapman Pincher, Daily Express, 9 Jan 1953.
Then, in May 1953, p. 130: The Times, Daily Telegraph, Daily Express, 4 May 1953.
Unfounded – the Comet, p. 130: Group Captain Hugh Dundas, Daily Express, 19 March 1954.
As The Guardian, p. 130: Anthony Tucker, The Guardian, 11 Jan 2000.
By then the US, p. 131: Smithsonian, June 2002.
He told the tribunal chairman, p. 131: The Times, 3 Nov 1954; Shawcross, Life Sentence, p. 229.
Limiting the figures, p. 132: Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives, http://www.baaa-acro.com/crash-archives.
There was so much plane wreckage, p. 132: Daily Express, 22 March 1954.
In 1956, six out of eight, p. 132: The Times,12 June 1953; Daily Telegraph,7 Jan 1954; Daily Express, 9 and 21 Feb 1952.
The pilot was thought, p. 132: Aviation Safety Network, https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/22777.
The most authoritativefigure, p. 132: Sampson, Anatony of Britain p. 253; Higges, Meteors, pp. 66–67 has similar figures.
Half a century later, p. 133: Pprune Aircrew Forums, https://www.pprune.org/archive/index.php/t-300245.html.
It was rumoured, p. 134: Eric Dymock, 31 Oct 2011, https://archive.ph/20130620050208/http://www.dovepublishing.co.uk/2011/10/mike-hawthorn-and-rob-walker.html
12 The reign of error
Bretherton was sent, p. 136: Young, This Blessed Plot, p. 10.
Clement Attlee, still, p. 137: Reuters, 31 Jan 2020.
Jean Monnet, the EUs, p. 137: Hennessy, Having It So Good, p. 287.
Anthony Eden put it, p. 137: Hennessy, Having It So Good, p. 294.
His instructions were, p. 137: ODNB: Russell Frederick Bretherton.
Though he was said, p. 138: Hennessy, Having It So Good, p. 362
In his previous incarnation, p. 138: Montague Browne, Long Sunset, p. 132.
On his last night, p. 138: Gimson, Prime Ministers, p. 219.
Even the loyal Telegraph, p. 138: Daily Telegraph, 3 Jan 1956.
Gourmand, libertine, p. 139: Brendon, The Decline and Fall of the British Empire p.482.
As Foreign Secretary, Eden, p. 139: Hickman, The Call-Up, p. 106; National Army Museum, Suez Canal Zone, nam.ac.uk/explore/suez-canal-zone.
This act of plunder, p. 139: BBC, 8 Aug 1956.
The Times was already, p. 140: The Times, 27 Aug 1956.
One woman in Middlesbrough, p. 140: Daily Express, 16 Oct 1956.
It involved Israel, p. 140: Woollacott, After Suez, p. 39.
And thus the cover-up, p. 140: Woollacott, After Suez, p. 44.
After the French generals, p. 141: author’s interview, Joe Haines, 2018.
In 1966, Sir Hugh, p. 141, footnote: The Times, 27 June 1978.
On Dec 20, p. 142: Daily Telegraph, 21 Dec 1956.
The price of twenty-two, p. 142: UK Armed Forces – Fatal Casualties since 1945, armedforces.co.uk/mod/listings/l0021.html.
13 The young ones
The anonymous literary critic, p. 143: The Listener, 7 June 1956.
Cyril Connolly… and Philip Toynbee, p. 143: nday Times and The Observer, 27 May 1956.
He came from a working-class family, p. 143: Sunday Times, 3 June 1956.
The following year he added, p. 143: Sunday Times, 24 May 1987.
Most of the 119, p. 144: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_Wilson_bibliography.
But he got none, p. 144: Kynaston, Family Britain, p. 623.
Kenneth Allsop neatly defined, p. 144: Allsop, Angry Decade, p. 28–9.
He retreated to Cornwall, p. 145: Obituary, The Guardian, 9 Dec 2013.
Suez and the coming, p. 145: Hennessy, Having It So Good, p. 491.
The American sob singer, p. 145: Daily Express, 13 April 1953.
A model called Barbara Goalen, p. 146: Obituary, Daily Telegraph, 19 June 2002.
As she put it, p. 146: Quant, Quant by Quant, p. 152–3.
The clothes I made, p. 146: Quant, Quant by Quant, p. 74.
There were 500 espresso bars, p. 147: Daily Telegraph, 9 March 2017.
Originally listed in the Decca, p. 147: Kynaston, Family Britain, p. 605; Ultimate Classic Rock, ultimateclassicrock.com.
People were saying, p. 147: Scaduto, Mick Jagger, p. 32.
He even came to the notice, p. 147: Letter to The Times, 20 Aug 1977, after Presleys death.
He was interviewed, p. 148: Daily Express, 8 May 1956.
If this is singing, p. 148: Quoted in Beckett and Russell, 1956, p. 120.
A London schoolboy, p. 148: Kynaston, Family Britain p. 641.
The odd fracas ensued, p. 149: Lewis, The Fifties, p. 129; Daily Express, 9 Sep 1956.
The Queen asked, p. 149: Daily Telegraph, 10 Oct 1956; The Times, 6 Sep 1956;.
The Daily Telegraph, p. 150: Daily Telegraph, 6 Sep 1956.
In July, Steele, p. 150: Daily Express, 31 July 1957.
The Times had a leader, p. 150: The Times, 14 June 1955.
14 The newcomers
The future Home Secretary, p. 152: Hansard, 7 July 1948.
The ship was given, p. 153: Daily Telegraph, 22 June 1948.
Even Professor David Olusoga, p. 153: Olusoga, Black and British, p. 494.
There were barely 20,000, p. 154: Olusoga, Black and British, p. 467.
When Italian men, p. 154: Daily Mail, 15 Feb and 21 April 1952.
The brochure for the Stanmore Hotel, p. 154: Daily Express, 27 April 1954.
The tennis player Angela Buxton, p. 154: The Observer, 8 July 2001; Daily Telegraph, 17 Aug 2020; New York Times, 27 Aug 2020.
Meanwhile, a British airman, p. 154: Daily Herald, 10 Nov 1953.
Then the numbers, p. 155: Olusoga, Black and British, pp. 497–8.
Jamaica did not admit, p. 155: Daily Telegraph, 1 Oct 1955.
Immigration officers were not, p. 156: Hansard, 6 May 1954.
Everything you touched, p. 156: Winder, Bloody Foreigners, p. 270.
An Express reporter, p. 156: Daily Express, 5 Jan 1955.
Every time you went out, p. 157: Phillips and Phillips, Windrush, p. 145–6
But the biggest shock, p. 157: Wills, Lovers and Strangers, p. 20.
Though when nurses in Swansea, p. 157: Daily Express, 1 and 2 March 1955.
Carmel Jones, p. 157: Phillips and Phillips, Windrush, p.149–50.
In Newcastle, Francis Dove, p. 158: Daily Express, 11 June 1955.
Manley junior concluded, p. 158: Winder, Bloody Foreigners, p. 270.
Reviewers sought, p. 158: Dennis and Naseem, p. 75.
No one had prepared, p. 158: The Times, 20 May 1959.
Demand pushed the rents up, p. 158: Goodhart, The British Dream, p. 122.
In 1955, Lambeth said, p. 159: Daily Express, 19 Jan and 22 May 1955; Pannayi, p. 68.
He told nine white, p. 159: Daily Express, 26 Nov 1958.
Nonetheless, polls started, p. 159: Quoted in Hansard, 5 Dec 1958.
David Olusoga, while, p. 159: Olusoga, Black and British, p. 510.
As Maxwell Fyfe told, p. 160: CAB129/66/44, 8 March 1954.
So they advertised, p. 160: Goodhart, The British Dream, p. 116.
By this time, a quarter, p. 160: Panayi, Impact of Immigration, p. 83.
A single company was largely, p. 160: Vivek Chaudhary, The Guardian, 4 April 2018.
In July 1958, p. 161: Daily Express, 3 and 4 July 1958
London was crowded, p. 161: Manchester Guardian, 10 July 1958.
Early in 1954, p. 161: Daily Telegraph, 29 and 30 March, 28 July 1954; Daily Express, 29 March 1954.
15 Reach for the sky
In the Ministry of Housing, p. 163: Andrew Gimson, Conservative Home, 7 Oct 2013, https://www.conservativehome.com/thetorydiary/2013/10/how-macmillan-built-300000-houses-a-year.html.
Aneurin Bevan, p. 163: Sissons and French, Age of Austerity, p.264
A place of wonder, p. 164: Boughton, Municipal Dreams, p. 92
The classic sociological text, p. 164: Boughton, Municipal Dreams, p. 92
Young and Willmott contrasted, p. 164: Young and Willmott, Family and Kinship, p. 149.
Professor Jon Lawrence, p. 165: Lawrence, The Middle Class, p.53.
He also says, p. 165: Lawrence, The Middle Class, p.22.
Bevans 900-square-foot, p. 165: Boughton, Municipal Dreams, p. 105.
These had, said the future, p. 165: The Spectator, 20 Jan 1956.
In the new town, p. 165: Boughton, Municipal Dreams, p.11.
In 1956 his successor, p. 165: Timmins, Five Giants, p. 184.
The old system, p. 166: Hansard, 17 Nov 1955.
Mrs Lennon, p. 166: Quoted in Kynaston, Modernity Britain, p. 127.
By the mid-fifties, p. 166: Kynaston, Family Britain, p. 418.
Green belts, p. 166: Wild, Village England, p. 155.
By 1957, London County Council, p. 166: Daily Telegraph, 28 Sep 1957.
All kinds of domestic supplies, p. 166: Manchester Guardian, 26 April 1958.
Lorna Sage grew up, p. 167: Sage, Bad Blood, pp. 89 and 97.
Farm workers were leaving, p. 167: Daily Express, 8 May 1958.
In 1950, horses, p. 167, footnote: Sunday Telegraph, 12 Sep 1971.
16 Of dukes and debs
That was when the body, p. 168: Daily Telegraph, 12, 14 and 29 Oct 1953; ODNB.
After the death, p. 168: Sampson, Anatomy of Britain, p. 10; Barker p. 3
A national tragedy, p. 168: Quoted in Cannadine, The Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy, p. 645.
Shoes outside the bedroom door, p. 170: Barstow, Country House Party, p. 212.
Men in grey top hats, p. 170: Hopkins, New Look, p. 298.
The throne was also above, p. 170: Sampson, Anatomy of Britain, pp. 38–42.
The highest peak of celebrity, p. 170: State Library, New South Wales, www.sl.nsw.gov.au.
Even that rock-star, p. 170: Daily Express, 20 and 22 March 1954.
Rumours swirled, p. 171: Pimlott, The Queen, p. 271.
In 1956, a young, p. 171: The Guardian, 6 Aug 2018.
Her subjects, wrote, p. 172: Hurd, Elizabeth II, p. 22.
It will give widespread, p. 172: Daily Telegraph, The Times, Daily Express, 3–10 Aug 1957.
One of that last cohort, p. 173: MacCarthy, Last Curtsey, p. 4–14.
A small crowd watched, p. 173: The Times, 21 March 1958.
Around the same time, p. 173: Private information.
17 So good
The phrase that defined, p. 174: Kynaston, Modernity Britain, p.55; The Observer, 21 July 1957; Daily Mirror, 22 July 1957; Thorpe, Supermac, p. 392; Hansard, 25 July 1957.
The Cabinet was near-unanimously, p. 175: Harvey, To Fall like Lucifer, p. 80.
I had to defend, p. 175: author’s interview, Lord Armstrong of Ilminster.
He was an appeaser, p. 175: author’s interview, Joe Haines.
Would you like to join, p. 175: Thorpe, Supermac p. 372.
Macmillan is a genius, p. 175: Gimson, Prime Ministers, p. 226.
The British retaliated, p. 176: BBC News, 24 Jan 2019, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-46978271.
What they wanted, p. 176: Ball, The Guardsmen, pp. 333–4.
This was useful cover, p. 176: Blake, Decline of Power, p. 382.
By late 1957, p. 176: Kynaston, Modernity BritainHaving It So Good, p. 61.
One jingle-writer alone, p. 177: The Guardian, 13 June 1998.
After 1956, the main, p. 178: Hopkins, New Look, p. 310.
Three months after, p. 178: Daily Express, 2 Dec 1955
By 1959 the London, p. 178: Shulman, p.17
The journalist Nicholas Faith, p. 178: The soldier who saved the BBC, unpublished paper.
Meanwhile, Bernard Levin, p. 179: Manchester Guardian, 11 Jan 1958.
One complication, p. 179: Young, This Blessed Plot, p. 117.
In 1959 the new, p. 179: Daily Express, 8 April 1959.
Two class acts, p. 179: Hennessy, Having So Good p. 512.
The Times was not impressed, p. 179: The Times, 7 Oct 1959.
In 1957 a new cartoon, p. 180: British Cartoon Archive, Reg Smythe, https://www.cartoons.ac.uk/cartoonist-biographies/c-d/RegSmythe_AndyCapp.html; Hopkins, New Look, p. 450.
The Labour-supporting Mirror, p. 180: Hopkins, New Look, p. 453.
He was good company, p. 181: Longford and McHardy, Ulster, p. 102.
18 Keep going well
In the mid-fifties, p. 183: Daily Express, 14, 17, 18, 25 Feb, 17 and 28 April 1959; Michael Russell, TES Magazine, 2 June 2006, https://www.tes.com/news/history-repeats-itself-thurso-boy.
In January 1959, p. 185: Military.com; Washington Post, 22 March 2018.
On his first night, p. 185: Daily Express, 23, 27, 29 and 30 Jan 1959; Manchester Guardian, 27 April 1959; Daily Mirror, 30 April 1959.
When Kay Kendall, p. 187: Daily Mirror, 7 Sep 1959; Daily Express, 8 Sep 1959.
And the mighty cinema, p. 187: Daily Telegraph, 23 June 1958; Daily Mirror, 22 Nov 1956; Daily Express, 4 March 1959; Daily Telegraph, 17 March 1955.
And in Heanor, Derbyshire, p. 188: Daily Mirror, 4 March 1955.
Still, the young, p. 188: oldie.com, 21 July 2021.
Nationwide, more than, p. 188: Daily Telegraph, 20 Jan 1958, 15 Sep 1958, 21 Aug 1959; The Times, 28 Jan 1959; author’s interview, Denis Norden 2018.
The New Theatre closed, p. 189: Warwick and Toyer, Death of a Theatre, pp. 147 and 152.
Some theatres rebranded, p. 189: Hudd, A Fart in a Colander, p. 70.
I never know till, p. 189: East, Max Miller, pp. 18 and 168.
In the words of, p. 191: Amos, Unconsidered Trifles, p. 344.
Money was never, p. 191: Heald, Denis Compton, pp.142–3.
He stopped for a beer, p. 192: Mosey, Laker, p. 28.
That night he and his friends, p. 192: Obituary, The Times, 5 March 2018.
A local girl, p. 193: Obituary, New York Times, 13 Sep 2018.
It was received, p. 193: Daily Telegraph and Daily Mail, 5 Sep 1957; The Spectator, 6 Sep 1957; Sunday Express, 8 Sep 1957; Hansard, 26 Nov 1958; Bloch, Closet Queens, p. 212.
Sir John Wolfenden’s, p. 194: Faulks, The Fatal Englishman, p. 241.
Liberace, who arrived in Britain, p. 194: Daily Mirror, 26 Sep 1956.
Even his colleague, p. 194: Zec, Put the Knife in Gently, p. 255.
Tall blocks provide, p. 195: Daily Telegraph, 26 Nov 1959.
Business in the square, p. 195: Management Today, 1 Nov 1998.
Perhaps it was the governments, p. 195: Daily Express, 20 Oct 1959.
Perhaps it was the death, p. 195: Green, Rachman, pp. 146.
There was still Lady Docker, p. 196: Daily Telegraph, 10 March 1959.
The other great fifties, p. 196: Barrow, Gossip, March 1959.
The Church Times, p. 196: Church Times, 27 Nov 1959.
Even in Ambridge, p. 196: Smethurst, The Archers, pp. 74–5.
THE 1960s
1 Wives and servants
At a function, one, p. 199: Daily Telegraph and The Guardian, 26 and 29 Jan 2001.
Hopkins took much-admired, p. 200: The Guardian, 15 Feb 2015.
There were no half measures, p. 201: News of the World, 31 Jan 1960.
The Chatterley case, p. 201: Grant, Case Histories, p. 135.
The defence called, p. 202: Travis, Bound and Gagged, p. 138.
Most opinion appeared, p. 203: Daily Herald and Daily Express, 3 Nov 1960; The Guardian, 4 Nov 1960.
One Tory MP, p. 203: Taylor, Changing Faces, p. 54.
The 6th Earl, p. 203: Hansard, 14 Dec 1960.
One of them was asked, p. 203: Thorpe, Who’s In, Who’s Out, p. 244.
Old-guard critics, p. 204: The Observer, 9 Oct 1960; The Guardian, 29 June 2018.
There was no doubt, p. 204: BBC, On This Day, 18 April 1960.
In the last month of 1959, p. 204: Daily Express and The Guardian, 5 Feb 1960.
Market research, p. 205: Sunday Telegraph, 25 Nov 1962.
Also in 1960, p. 205: Daily Telegraph, 28 May 1960.
In Oct, the Radio Times, p. 205: Radio Times, 8–14 Oct 1960.
Twenty were shot, p. 205: Daily Express, 15 March 1960.
An experimental, p. 205: Hansard, 6 July 1960.
There was also a spate, p. 205: Daily Express, 19 Aug 1960.
In this case, a pathetic, p. 205: The Times, 5 Jan 2017.
The vocabulary, p. 206: Daily Mail, 15 March 1960.
2 Cmon, little miss, lets do the twist
In the summer of 1961, p. 207: The Times, 15 May 1961; Daily Telegraph, 26 May, 13 June, 13 July and 13 Aug 1961.
Sir Tim Rice, p. 208: Intelligent Life, Nov 2011.
Home-grown male singers, p. 208: Miles, London Calling, pp. 114–5.
It was said Parnes avoided, p. 208: Daily Telegraph, 7 Aug 1989.
And very strange, p. 209: Cohn, Awopbopaloobop, p. 80.
In midsummer 1962, p. 210: Daily Mirror, 2–5 July, 1962.
At the FPA, p. 211: Ferris, Sex and the British, p. 200.
And in the Mirror, p. 211: Daily Mirror, 15 Nov 1963.
In 1952 a woman, p. 212: The Guardian, 7 Oct 1997; The Independent, 9 Oct 1997.
In July 1963, p. 212: Daily Herald, 2 Aug 1963.
At the start of 1962, p. 213: Daily Herald, 22 Jan 1963.
3 Goodbye to all that
Calls for boycotts, p. 215: The Guardian, 4 May 1960.
In old age Macmillan, p. 215: Horne, Macmillan,Vol. 2, p. 125,
Iain Macleod, his Colonial Secretary, p. 215: Hennessy, Having It So Good, p. 601.
It was compact, p. 215: Brendon, The Decline and Fall of the British Empire, pp. 513–22.
Britain gave Sierra Leone, p. 216: Daily Express, 19 and 22 April 1961; The Times 26 and 28 April 1961; Daily Telegraph, 28 April 1961.
He sent whisky, p. 217: ODNB: Sir Milton Margai
According to Macmillan’s, p. 217: Thorpe, Supermac, p. 699.
A Civil Service report, p. 217: Hennessy, Having It So Good, p. 615.
By the autumn of 1960, p. 218: Sandbrook, Never Had It So Good p. 344.
The next month, p. 218: King, British Political Opinion, pp. 6-9.
Parker was perceived, p. 218: The Guardian, 26 Dec 2020.
As Ian McEwan, p. 219: author’s interview, 2011.
President Kennedys initial, p. 219: Thorpe, Supermac, p. 531; Dallek, John F. Kennedy, pp. 563–5.
The following sequence of events, p. 220: Daily Telegraph, 6 and 7 Dec 1962; Hennessy, Winds of Change, pp. 305–314, 322–330; Douglas Brinkley, Dean Acheson and the “Special Relationship”: The West Point Speech of Dec 1962, The Historical Journal, Sep 1990.
In fact, Levin’s laughter, p. 221: Thompson, p. 109.
The name came, p. 222: The Spectator, 23 Sep 1955.
It was the Establishment, p. 222: Daily Express, 6 Oct 1961.
According to John Wells, p. 222: Carpenter, That Was Satire That Was, p. 128.
It was the direct, p. 223: Marnham, The Private Eye Story, pp. 26–37.
An entertainment for late, p. 223: Radio Times, 24 Nov 1962.
An instruction came down, p. 223: Carpenter, That Was Satire That Was ,p. 221.
After the first edition, p. 224: Thorpe, Supermac, p. 489.
In the early days, p. 224: Private information.
The great iconoclast, p. 225: Barrow, Gossip, p. 250.
4 Read all about it!
TW3 did have an item, p. 226: Carpenter, That Was Satire That Was, p. 251.
In 1961 it was reported, p. 226: Aberdeen Evening Express, 13 Oct 1961; Sunday Telegraph, 26 Nov 1961; Daily Telegraph, 16 May 1964.
It was said she was a more, p. 227: Lacey, Royal, p. 227.
He was on a training, p. 227: Daily Mirror, 20 June 1963.
The Telegraph called, p. 228: Daily Telegraph, 21 Nov 1961; Pimlott, The Queen, p. 305.
In June 1964, p. 228: Sunday Times, 28 June 1964.
And, twenty years on, p. 228: Pimlott, The Queen, p. 354.
In India, Prince Philip, p. 228: Pimlott, The Queen, p. 304.
Even the couple’s return, p. 228: Pimlott, The Queen, p. 315.
But a junior minister, p. 228: Daily Telegraph, 27 Feb 1963.
The greatest nightmare, p. 229: Barrow, Gossip, 4 Oct 1965.
The Duke of Rutland, p. 229: Barrow, Gossip, 8 May 1963; Daily Express, 9 May 1963; Daily Telegraph,28 July 1973; The Guardian, 10 Aug 2000; New York Times, 16 Aug 2000.
Years later, the socialite, p. 230: Daily Mail, 28 Oct 2013.
Just before Christmas 1962, p. 231: Personal memory; Carpenter, That Was Satire That Was, pp. 241–2.
A senior spook, p. 231: Wright, Order, Order, pp. 455–7; The Independent, 6 Oct 2009.
Wilfred Sendall, p. 232: Sandbrook, Never Had It So Good, p. 512; Wright, Order, Order, pp. 362–363; Watkins, A Short Walk Down Fleet Street, p. 46
The previous winter, p. 232: The Times, 21 and 28 Dec 1962.
It puts it on a level, p. 233: Daily Express, 21 Jan 1963.
The Scottish Cup tie, p. 233: The Guardian, 8 Dec 2010.
The future Telegraph editor, p. 233: The Spectator, 13 Feb 2021.
Miss Hobson will, p. 234: Barrow, Gossip, 1954,
Wards friends included, p. 235: Knightley and Kennedy, Affair of State, p. 68.
There was an affair, p. 235: Knightley and Kennedy, Affair of State, p. 88
An especially intimate betrayal, p. 235: Profumo, Bringing the House Down, pp. 163–4.
But the most reliable guides, p. 236: Knightley and Kennedy, Affair of State, p. 88; Davenport-Hines, An English Affair, p. 250.
They weren’t call girls, p. 237: author’s interview, Donald Zec,2018.
Girls whom Ward knew, p. 238: Davenport-Hines, An English Affair, p. 281.
what the hell, p. 239: Daily Mirror, June 6 1963.
He was found one day, p. 239: Booker, The Neophiliacs, p. 195–6.
Mandy claimed, p. 239, footnote: The Guardian, 10 March 2006.
Mr Justice Marshall’s, p. 239: Knightley and Kennedy, Affair of State, p. 241.
He had a brief word, p. 240: Knightley and Kennedy, Affair of State, p. 247.
5 They love us, yeah, yeah, yeah
In January 1963, p. 241: Daily Express, 11 Jan 1963.
A month later, the chart-topping, p. 241: Daily Express, Feb 1963.
Prototype versions, p. 243: Davies, The Beatles, pp. 99–100.
The New Musical Express, p. 243: New Musical Express, 26 Oct 1962.
The Liverpudlian, p. 244: Evening Standard, 2 Feb 1963.
In Jan the boys, p. 244: Press and Journal, Aberdeen, 4 Jan 2021.
In Sep, hundreds, p. 244: Daily Mirror, 16 Sep 1963.
In Oct, girls p. 244: Daily Express, 14 Oct 1963.
They became emotionally, p. 245: Davies, The Beatles, p. 187.
The Australian writer Anwen Crawford, p. 246: The Monthly (Australia), Dec 2018.
American activist Barbara, p. 246: Chicago Tribune, 14 Dec 1986.
But it had all happened, p. 246: Dorian Lynskey, The Guardian, 29 Sep 2013.
Hairdresser Maureen Cox, p. 246: Davies, The Beatles, p. 160.
Clyde remembered the screams, p. 246: New York Times, 23 Dec 2020.
The Mods rode, p. 247: Green, All Dressed Up, p. 41.
That Easter Sunday, p. 247: Daily Mirror, Daily Telegraph, 30 March 1964; Daily Herald, 31 March 1964.
Or, as the sociologist, p. 247: Cohen, Folk Devils and Moral Panics, pp. 28–36.
As day trippers, p. 248: Daily Express, Daily Mail, 19 May 1964; Cohen, Folk Devils, pp. 108–110.
6 Enough rope
As they drove back, p. 250: Campbell, Underworld, p. 146.
And Reginald Bevins, p. 251: Daily Express, 9 Aug 1963.
One member, Roy James, p. 251: Hennessy, Winds of Change, p. 353.
As the MP Reginald, p. 251: Hansard, 12 July 1965.
My father refused, p. 253: author’s interview, 2022.
They barged in on, p. 254: The Guardian, 12 Aug 1989.
7 The last from the past
It seems clear now, p. 256: Thorpe, Supermac, p. 565.
The finest political nose, p. 257: author’s interview, Lord Armstrong of Ilminster, 2018.
The chairman of the 1922, p. 257: Thorpe, Sir Alec Douglas-Home p. 273.
Like Hercule Poirot, p. 258: Thorpe, Supermac, p. 579.
Writing thirty years later, p. 259: Critchley, Bag of Boiled Sweets, p. 89.
Two left-wing students, p. 259: Daily Telegraph, 14 April 2008.
Douglas Hurd said Sir Alec, p. 259: ODNB: Sir Alec Douglas-Home.
The eighteen-month-long, p. 261: Hattersley, Fifty Years On, pp. 158–9; Pimlott, Harold Wilson, pp. 350–6.
8 Mickey Mouse and Rattín
In the 1960 Olympics, p. 262: Wallechinsky and Loucky, Complete Book of the Olympics, p. 204 (2012 edition); Daily Telegraph, 19 Aug 2002; The Guardian, 23 Oct 2006.
The players held regional, p. 263: Henderson, When Footballers Were Skint, pp. 16, 233–4.
Two years later, the case, p. 264: Daily Express, 5 July 1963.
Or, as the Daily Express, p. 264: Daily Express, 10 April 1962.
Hooliganism was becoming, p. 264: Daily Express, 28 Jan 1964, 4 March 1967, 11 Nov 1967, 18 Nov 1968, 9 and 10 April 1969.
Their opponents were disdainful, p. 265: Daily Express, 28 Nov 1962.
In 1967, the reigning, p. 265: Daily Express, 27 June 1967; The Times, 14 Oct 2020.
In the English version, p. 266: The Observer and Sunday Telegraph, 24 July 1966; The Guardian, 25 July 1966.
Football was much less global, p. 267: The Guardian, 24 July 2016.
A nice, quiet win, p. 267: Glanville, Story of the World Cup, pp. 142–155.
The South Americans, p. 268: Wilson, Angels with Dirty Faces.
Meanwhile, after the head, p. 268: The Times, 21 Nov 2020.
Eight years later, p. 268: The Independent and New York Times, 16 Aug 2016.
9 Up, up and away
It’s the era of the extrovert, p. 270: Daily Telegraph, 30 Aug 1960.
During a brief heatwave, p. 270: Daily Telegraph, 13 July 1964.
In March 1966, p. 270: Daily Telegraph, 21 March 1966.
Kathleen Yorke’s hemline, p. 270: Daily Mirror, 6 April 1966
In May the term miniskirt, p. 271: Sunday Times, 29 May 1966.
And the greatest of these, p. 272: Green Days in the Life, p. 86.
Hypnotic jet black, p. 272: Aitken, Young Meteors, p. 40.
Because she’s working class, p. 272: Aitken, Young Meteors, p. 50.
After a month’s wear, p. 272: Aitken, Young Meteors, p. 18.
If the points are going against him, p. 273: Aitken, Young Meteors, p. 153.
It was Jean Shrimpton, p. 273: The Age, Melbourne, 1 and 4 Nov 1965.
Deep in the Melbourne suburbs, p. 273: Sydney Morning Herald, 26 Oct 2015.
At Oxford, female undergraduates, p. 274: The Guardian, 25 May 1966 and 28 Nov 1968; East Kent Times and Mail, 23 June 1967.
Actress Geraldine Chaplin, p. 274: Daily Express, 19 June and 17 July 1968; Barrow, Gossip, June/July 1969,
The Customs and Excise, p. 275: Daily Express, 26 Sep 1968.
Irritated the retailer, p. 275: Daily Express, 12 Oct 1968.
Dressing up, p. 276: Maxtone Graham, British Summer Time, p. 225; personal information.
Authority resisted, of course p. 278: Daily Express, 1 and 9 Sep 1964, 17 Feb 1965 and 25 Sep 1964; Barrow, Gossip, May 1966,.
Sociologists interviewing, p. 278: Lawrence, The Middle Class, p. 139.
We lay around, p. 279: Diski, The Sixties, pp. 43 and 36.
The underground was terribly small, p. 279: Green, Days in the Life, p. 187.
Debunked the…sexual revolution, p. 279: Sandbrook, White Heat, pp. 462–5.
In the summer of 1965, p. 280: The Guardian, 12 June 1965.
It went on for four hours, p. 280: Miles, London Calling, p. 151.
The poet and scriptwriter, p. 280: Days in the Life, Green, p. 71.
He was later hymned, p. 280: For Williams’s poem, see London Review of Books, 8 Nov 2018; New Statesman, 14 Oct 2020.
10 If you can meet with triumph and disaster
At dawn one midsummer, p. 282: Autocar, 11 June 2014.
The motoring writer, p. 283: The Independent on Sunday, 23 Oct 2011.
The breathalyser came, p. 283: Daily Express, 9 and 10 Oct, 13 and 14 Nov 1967.
There was even an organization, p. 284: The Times, 8 Oct 1988.
In June 1967, p. 284: Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives, http://www.baaa-acro.com.
Twenty-six minutes, p. 284: Daily Express, 21 Aug 1963.
A boxful of secrets, p. 284: Daily Express, 23 Oct 1963.
Britain’s hovercraft pioneers, p. 284: Daily Express, 19 April 1963.
There was an attempt, p. 285: Daily Express, 22 Sep 1966.
First Harry McIlwraith, p. 286: Daily Express, 20 July 1961; Aberdeen Evening Express 21 and 22 July 1961.
A few weeks later, Angela Reilly, p. 286: Daily Express, 4 and 5 Sep 1961.
Two London brothers, p. 286: Daily Express, 1 Sep 1964.
The most bizarre, p. 286: Daily Herald, 22 Aug 1964.
In May 1965, p. 287: Daily Telegraph and Daily Express, 18 May 1965.
In 1963, the borough engineer, p. 287: BBC News, Aberfan:, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-150d11df-c54Y1-44a9-9332-560a19828c47
It looked like a plane crash, p. 288: Welsh Coal Mines, welshcoalmines.co.uk; BBC Radio Wales Sunday Supplement, 16 Oct 2016.
Mortality rates were, p. 288: Hull Daily Mail, 15 June 2017.
In the early days of 1968, p. 289: Daily Telegraph, 7 Feb 1968.
11 Smashing the crockery
The most dramatic decline, p. 290: Howard ed., The Crossman Diaries, p. 232.
Wilson thought both, p. 290: Wilson, The Labour Government 1964-70, p. 296.
Wilson, said Bernard Levin, p. 291: Levin, The Pendulum Years, p. 227.
In many ways, Harold Wilson, p. 291: author’s interviews, 2018.
She relished, p. 291: Hurd, Elizabeth II, p. 56.
The Queen Mother, p. 292: Thorpe ed., Who’s In, Who’s Out?
The only thing an African, p. 292: The Guardian, 13 Feb 1992.
Wilson was curiously obtuse, p. 293: Pimlott, Harold Wilson, p. 371.
Including France, p. 293: Africa Today, Feb 1968, p. 8.
In Nov 1967, p. 293: Pimlott, Harold Wilson, p. 483; dailymotion.com; Castle, Diaries, 20 Nov 1967, p. 356.
Arsenal do not belong, p. 294: Daily Telegraph, 18 Jan 1976.
All we needed was, p. 294: The Times, 5 Aug 1970.
Before the 1959 election, p. 295: Jenkins, The Labour Case, pp. 136–7.
Rab Butler, who served, p. 295: Hennessy, Having It So Good, p. 512.
I am rather tired, p. 296: Hansard, 11 Feb 1966.
In the sixties, halfway through, p. 297: The Guardian, 25 Oct 1962.
To achieve that onstage, p. 297: The Observer, 25 April 1965.
The final straw came, p. 297: The Guardian, 17 Sep 2000.
Theatres were finally freed, p. 298, Campbell, Roy Jenkins, pp. 300–1.
In 1964 a judge, p. 298: Daily Express, 2 June 1964.
Mrs Joy Lewin, p. 299: Daily Express, 16 Nov 1966.
That autumn, football crowds, p. 299: Campbell, Underworld, p. 157.
Twenty-six years, p. 300: The Guardian, 2 Feb 1993.
South London was ruled, p. 300: Platts-Mills, Muck, Silk and Socialism, p. 459–63.
Eddie, Charlies brother, p. 300: Campbell, Underworld, p. 109
In 1965, both were arrested, p. 301: Daily Express, 6 April 1965
Even one of their old teachers, p. 301: Daily Express, 5 March 1969
Stevenson said later, p. 301: Platts-Mills, Muck, Silk and Socialism, p. 465.
Even Charlie Richardson, p. 302: Campbell, Underworld, p. 94
Mark reckoned that, p. 302: Mark, Office of Constable, p. 128.
Mountbatten reported just before Christmas, p. 302: New York Times, 29 Dec 1966.
Most notorious, p. 303: Daily Mirror, 30 May 1962.
12 Ye Blocks, ye Stones
In June 1965, p. 304: The Times, 12, 15, 16 and 17 June 1965; Daily Express, 17 June 1965.
At Christmas 1967, p. 304: Daily Mirror, 28 Dec 1967; Daily Express, 27 Dec 1967.
They were always being told, p. 305: author’s interview, 2020.
What perfectionists, p. 305: The Oldie, 26 Sep 2020
What Oldham did, p. 305: Cohn, Awopbopaloobop, p. 152.
A year later, Mick Jagger, p. 306: Daily Mirror, 23 July 1965.
It was either there, p. 306: The Guardian, 26 Oct 2018.
There was the Texan, p. 306: Daily Mirror, 2 Feb 1965.
Syd Barrett, p. 306: Green, Days in the Life, p. 166–7; The Guardian, 11 July 1966.
He became a symbol, p. 306: Scaduto, Mick Jagger, p. 74.
The future Metropolitan Police, p. 306: Mark, Office of Constable, pp. 128–9.
But it was not Jagger, p. 307: Miles, London Calling, p. 222.
And the newish editor, p. 308: The Times, 1 July 1967.
The two were already out, p. 308 The Times, 1 July 1967; Daily Express, 1 July and 1 Aug 1967.
Addressing the mighty legal, p. 308: Miles, London Calling, p. 223.
By now the legalization, p. 308: The Times, 8 Jan 1969.
13 Closing time
In 1961, David Bradshaw, p. 310: Bradshaw, Swimming without Mangoes, p. 122.
Net immigration was higher, p. 311: Goodhart, The British Dream, p. 126.
The clumsiness of the, p. 311: Winder, Bloody Foreigners, p. 288.
As late as 1965, p. 311: Daily Express, 16 Nov 1965.
In particular, the newcomers, p. 312: Wills, Lovers and Strangers, p. 233.
Seventeen men, p. 312: Wills, Lovers and Strangers, p. 235.
One migrant, Avtar Singh Jouhl, p. 312: Panayi, Impact of Immigration, p. 67.
Local teenage boys, p. 312: Wills, Lovers and Strangers, p. 236.
Terraced houses in northern, p. 313: Halifax Evening Courier, 6 Jan 1961.
On a foggy Nov, p. 313: Daily Express, 18 Nov 1967.
There were also suspicions, p. 313: Daily Express, 13 March 1965.
One of the few seats, p. 313: Sunday Mirror, 11 Nov 1964; Birmingham Post, 15 Nov 1964.
In the early sixties, p. 314: Cec Wright, cricbuzz.com, 19 June 2019.
That same year Balwant Singh, p. 314: Birmingham Post, 12 Aug 1965.
In 1966 a Wimbledon, p. 314: Daily Express, 23 May 1966.
The columnist Claud Cockburn, p. 315: Sunday Telegraph, 12 May 1963.
In 1962, Jamaican-born, p. 315: Rail, 29 Dec 2021.
Three years later, Asquith Xavier, p. 315: The Times, 11 and 16 July 1966.
Xavier now has a plaque, p. 316: BBC News, 17 July 2020.
Gladstone Buchanan, p. 316: Daily Mirror, 8 and 9 June 1966.
It is still remembered reverently, p. 317: Timmins, Five Giants, p. 211.
This was a shameful betrayal, p. 318: Howard, Seventies, p. 448.
The Birmingham speech, p. 318: Heffer, Like the Roman, pp. 448–9.
Powells one regret, p. 319: Heffer, Like the Roman, p. 454.
Dockers along the Thames, p. 319: Heffer, Like the Roman, pp. 464-5; Olusoga, Black and British, p. 513; Daily Telegraph, 7 May 1968.
In May 1962, p. 320: Daily Express, 10 May 1962; The Times, 10 Oct 2020; Daily Express, 6 July 1965; Independent on Sunday, 23 Aug 2011.
Jocelyn Barrow, p. 321: The Times, 7 May 2020.
The government set a limit, p. 321: Daily Express, 6 Dec 1968; The Guardian, 15 Oct 2018.
The dominant fact, p. 321: Goodhart, The British Dream, p. 136.
14 A woman’s work
Even the Mirrors normally, p. 322: Sunday Mirror, 13 July 1963.
In 1961, a successful, p. 322: Daily Telegraph, 25 Nov 2011.
Throughout the sixties, p. 323: Davenport-Hines, An English Affair, p. 113.
When Judith Hart, p. 323: Daily Telegraph, 23 May 1966.
But when Wilson made, p. 323: Women in the Civil Service – History, https://civilservant.org.uk/women-history.html.
The popular press, p. 324: Daily Express, 16 Nov 1963, 24 March and 13 Aug 1965, 9 June and 2 Dec 1967, March 1969.
A former journalist, p. 325: Nova, Sep 1966
A lot of girls, p. 325: Green, Days in the Life, p. 403.
But in June 1960, p. 325: Baker, Here Is the News, p. 42; Daily Mirror, 22 March 1961; The Times, 23 May 2019; The Guardian, 31 Aug 1988.
Richard Tompkins, p. 327: Daily Express, 1 Nov 1963; ODNB: Richard Tompkins.
In 1967, a new factory, p. 328: The Times, 1 Feb 1967.
Glamorous Italian eating, p. 328: Hopkinson and Bareham, Prawn Cocktail Years, p. 196.
Britain’s six Indian restaurants, p. 329: Akhtar and Humphries, Fifties and Sixties, p. 111.
Wine consumption increased, p. 329: statista.com; Akhtar and Humphries, Fifties and Sixties, p. 102.
It made bread more profitable, p. 329: Lawrence, Not on the Label, p. 102.
15 Down with skools
In 1967 John Clarke, p. 331: Daily Express, 7 Nov 1967.
If its the last thing, p. 332: Addison, No Turning Back, p. 158.
According to the long-time, p. 332: author’s interview, 2019.
I’m still fundamentally torn, p. 333: author’s interview, 2021.
As one student put it, p. 334: Quoted THES, 1976.
Over the next few years, p. 335: Addison, No Turning Back, p. 163.
The issues at LSE, p. 335: Crouch, Student Revolt, p. 97.
The infant University of Essex, p. 335: Daily Telegraph, 6 March 1968 and 5 Aug 2012.
All through the winter, p. 337: Simon Worrall, The Times,27 May 2008.
16 The past blasters
Mrs Jane Smyth of Belfast, p. 338: Belfast Telegraph, 7 Feb 1967; Sunday Times, 16 Jan 1966; Reading Evening Post, 14 Feb 1967; The Guardian, 30 May 1961.
He sat without moving, p. 339: Thorpe, Supermac, p. 506.
One headline read red elephant, p. 340: Illustrated London News, 7 Oct 1967; The Times, 6 Sep 1966.
The architect of choice, p. 340: ONDB: Richard Seifert and Harry Hyams.
He disdained sentiment, p. 341: Birmingham Post, 8 March 2013.
A charity precisely designed, p. 342: Wilson, Memoirs of a Minor Public Figure, pp. 34–76; author’s interview, 2021.
Wilfred Burns, p. 343: Inwood, History of London, p. 880; ODNB.
The BBC reported fifty years, p. 344: BBC, 15 June 2018; Daily Telegraph, 17 May 1968 and 5 Sep 1986.
Jeremy Sandford, p. 344: The Observer, 17 Sep 1961.
No one was meant, p. 344: McKie and Cook ed., Decade of Disillusion, pp. 163-4; The Guardian, 20 Nov and 1 Dec 1965; The Observer, 1 Dec 1965.
This time it was what Blythe, p. 345: Blythe, Akenfield, pp. 90–93; The Spectator, 13 Oct 2012.
Rustic railways, p. 345: Rowley, English Landscape, p. 201; The Guardian, 21 April 1967.
17 Now we are forty
In 1968, Prince Philip, p. 347: Daily Express, 21 March 1968.
While visiting Paraguay, p. 347: Pimlott, The Queen p. 268.
There were furious demonstrations, p. 348: Daily Express, 11 July 1963 and 2 Oct 1964; CBC News, Queens visit to Quebec City marred by violence, https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/1611690563665.
In 1967, another first cousin, p. 348: Barrow, Gossip, Jan 1967.
The denial was reported at home, p. 349: Daily Express, 28 Feb 1967.
In fact it was a rip-roaring success, p. 349: Pimlott, The Queen pp. 386–8; Lacey, Royal, p. 221; Vickers, The Crown Dissected, Series 3, Episode 4.
This was brought to public attention, p. 350: Daily Telegraph, 10 Nov 1969.
That same month, Nov, p. 351: Daily Express, 17 Nov 1969.
18 The faint echoes of empire
JOHN BULL’S POLITICAL SLUM, p. 352: Sunday Times, 3 July 1966.
In Bernard Levin’s words, p. 354: Levin, Pendulum Years, pp. 232–4.
It was a confrontation, p. 355: Armed Forces Defence Suppliers Directory, armedforces.co.uk.
But it resulted in a clear-cut, p. 355: Geraghty, Who Dares Wins, p. 49.
As one army officer, p. 356: Britains-smallwars.com.
An old tradesman, p. 356: The Times, 27 Feb 1964.
Then the Radfanis, p. 356: Daily Telegraph, 15 May 1964; French, British Way in Counter-Insurgency, p. 131; Sunday Telegraph,31 May 1964.
19 The moon, money and Murdoch
In Nov 1964, p. 358: Daily Telegraph, 1 Dec 1964.
It was seen as a spontaneous, p. 359: The Independent, 29 Jan 2015.
Still, de Gaulle had, p. 359: Piers Brendon, historyextra.com.
American author William Manchester, p. 359: https://winstonchurchill.org/old-site/learn/book-reviews/the-last-lion-visions-of-glory/
Revel Guest, p. 359: Personal interview, 2018.
A 25-year-old bachelor, p. 360: Sunday Telegraph, 13 April 1965; Daily Telegraph, 21 July 1969; Air & Space, April 2018; Lancashire Post, 18 July 2019.
The cautionary tale, p. 360: Daily Mirror, 28 Sep 1961; The Times,17 May 1967; Sunday Mirror, 7 Nov 1965; The People, 5 Dec 1965.
The word breadhead, p. 360: OED.
There were exceptions, p. 360: The Guardian, 13 Jan 1968.
In 1961 a Penguin Special, p. 361: Shanks, Stagnant Society, p. 64.
But it was notably supported, p. 361: Daily Mirror, 5 Jan 1968.
We are a nation, p. 361: Daily Telegraph, 2 Jan 1969.
The best guesstimate, p. 362: Paterson, Tired and Emotional, p. 241.
The union leaders definitely said, p. 362: Pimlott, Harold Wilson, pp. 528–543; Levin, Pendulum Years, p. 143.
Slight, Drone and Weird, p. 363: Hendy, Life on Air, p. 31.
The much-loved K6, p. 363: www.the-telephone-box.co.uk/kiosks/.
The last British Rail, p. 363: Engel, Tickle the Public, p. 229.
Jolly good, p. 364: Daily Telegraph, 26 Nov 1969.
And late in 1968, p. 364: Daily Express, 12 Nov 1968.
In 1969 The Guardian, p. 364: The Guardian, 14 April 1969.
And holidays increasingly involved, p. 364: Moran, On Roads, p. 108.
In 1967, John Simpson, p. 364: Simpson, Strange Places, p. 75-6; Andrew O’
Hagan, London Review of Books,8 Nov 2012.
In 1962, Sir Ian Horobin, p. 365: Higgins, Heterosexual Dictatorship, p. 306.
It was aimed, p. 366: Engel, Tickle the Public, p. 250
THE 1970s
1 Is the show really over?
On 17 March 1971, p. 369: The Times, 17 and 19 March 1971, 27 Oct 1971, 30 Dec 2002.
From the start, the papers, p. 371: Engel, Tickle the Public, pp. 255–7.
It was even demanded, p. 372: Daily Express, 15 Jan 1971.
As erotically steamy, p. 373: Daily Mirror, 29 July 1970.
During the previews, p. 373: The Guardian, 23 Dec 2000.
The humorous writer, p. 373: The Times, 28 Aug 1970.
In January, Luff, p. 373: The Guardian, 17 Jan and 28 April 1970, 26 Jan 2001.
The underground magazines, p. 374: The Observer, 18 April 1971.
In February 1970 Oz, p. 374: Miles, London Calling, p. 300; Green Days in the Life, p. 385; Jim Anderson (ed.), OZ 28, https://ro.uow.edu.au/ozlondon/28/.
Neville and his two cohorts, p. 375: Rather His Own Man. Robertson, p. 15.
Dennis, the allegedly stupid, p. 376: Sunday Times, 4 June 1995.
What was notable, p. 377: Sunday Telegraph, The Observer, 26 Sep 1971.
At the 1970 and 1971 motor shows, p. 377: Daily Telegraph, 14 Oct 1970; The Times, 24 Feb 2021.
His Lordship was not shocked, p. 377: The Times, 25 Aug 1971.
The report appeared in 1972, p. 378: The Times, 21 April and 25 Aug 1971, 20 Sep 1972.
Dave Brock of Hawkwind, p. 378: Loudersound.com; Green, Days in the Life, p. 437.
Still, the chief constable, p. 378: Daily Express, 31 Aug 1970.
The poster, in fashionably psychedelic, p. 379: Glastonbury Festival, History 1970, https://glastonburyfestivals.co.uk/history/history-1970/.
Keith Curtis, a projectionist, p. 379: Daily Express, 27 April 1971.
At the end of July, p. 380: Daily Express, 17 June 1970; The Times, 30 July 1970; Daily Telegraph,31 July 1970.
2 Listen to reason
On a Friday night, p. 381: Daily Mirror, 20 and 21 Nov 1970; The Guardian, 21 Nov 1970; Film of event, BBC interview with Sally Alexander, YouTube.
It was said that Miss Sweden, p. 382: The Sun, 19 April 2020.
The intellectual underpinnings, p. 383: Green, All Dressed Up, p. 402.
Then early in 1971, p. 383: The Observer, 7 Feb 1971.
Both were rather jolly, p. 384: Hendy, Life on Air, p. 99.
Sheila Tracy made her, p. 384: Obituary, Daily Telegraph, 2 Oct 2014.
Graham Greenwell, p. 384: The Times, 25 and 26 June 1971.
Prince Charless spartan, p. 385: Daily Telegraph, 24 Nov 1970 and 14 March 1972.
In 1971, Professor Margaret Burbidge, p. 385: Daily Telegraph, 5 Oct 1971.
The Jockey Club announced, p. 385: Daily Express, 6 Dec 1971.
That summer, a wholly unofficial, p. 385: The Guardian, 8 June 2019.
The Church of England, p. 386: The Times, 23 May and 9 Nov 1973.
In 1974, after a very short battle, p. 386: Daily Telegraph, 21 May 1974.
Johnson Houghtons fellow trainer, p. 387: Daily Telegraph, 2 Nov 1988.
And in 1979 Scotswoman, p. 387: The Times, 8 Feb 1979.
If she was a coloured woman, p. 388: The Guardian, 1 Feb 1971.
As it happened, Gray-Fisk, p. 388: author’s interviews: Norman Tebbit, 2019, and Delphine Gray-Fisk, 2020.
The groom would say, p. 388: The Times, 26 Oct 1973.
Prebendary Frank Rodgers, p. 388: author’s interview, 2021.
She was unable to pay, p. 389: Daily Express, 6 July 1971.
Stafford magistrates, p. 389: Daily Telegraph, 19 July 1973.
They were officially banned, p. 389: BBC News, 6 Oct 2017.
Meanwhile, the head of a comprehensive, p. 389: Daily Express, 9 Jan 1976.
Jenny Diski watched, p. 390: Diski, The Sixties, pp. 92–93.
One Ministry of Defence, p. 390: The Guardian, 1 Aug 1972.
There was a more specific problem, p. 391: London Review of Books, 24 Sep 2020; Past Tense [blog], pasttenseblog.wordpress.com; East End Women’s Museum, eastendwomensmuseum.org.
Wallace’s boyfriend, p. 391: Daily Mail, 22 Feb and 15 March 1974; Daily Express, 8 March 1974; New York Times, 29 March 1974.
Flushed with pride, p. 392: Daily Express, 13, 23, 25 and 27 Nov 1974; Daily Mail, 25 Nov 1974.
3 The iceman cometh
But Jenkins refused, p. 393: A Life at the Centre, Jenkins, , p. 291.
It even pleased the Daily Telegraph, p. 393: Daily Telegraph, 15 April 1970.
Meanwhile, Wilson ingratiated, p. 394: Daily Express, 15 May 1970.
The Conservative Julian Critchley, p. 394: Critchley, Bag of Boiled Sweets, p. 110.
Ken Clarke made it in 1970, p. 394: theguardian.com 27 June 2019.
Bryan Magee, p. 394: author’s interview, 2018
Critchley, on his return, p. 395: Critchley, Bag of Boiled Sweets, pp. 110, 114 and 118.
I have a haunting feeling, p. 395: Castle, Diaries, pp. 64–70,
It was a very serious matter, p. 395: Butler and Pinto-Duschinsky, General Election of 1970, p. 152.
Bobby Charlton later recalled, p. 396: Turner, Crisis? What Crisis?, p. 4.
But the man on the Clapham, p. 397: The Guardian, 17 June 1970 and 19 Dec 1994; thecritic.co.uk, 18 June 2020.
But in January, p. 398: Daily Telegraph, 21 Jan 1970.
Many were not even registered, p. 398: Butler and Pinto-Duschinsky, General Election of 1970, p. 277.
On his great election night, p. 399: Campbell, Edward Heath, pp. 282, 291 and 436.
Wilson’s eggings, p. 399: The Times, 19 July 2005
The Tories had done some, p. 400: Timmins, Five Giants, p. 279.
Terence Higgins, p. 400: author’s interview, Lord Higgins, 2018.
4 Everybody out
The 1552 law, p. 402: Journal of Church and State, 2008.
Many thousands of workers, p. 402: Daily Telegraph, 2 Jan 1970.
A thousand London schoolchildren, p. 403: Daily Telegraph, 18 May 1972.
Choirboys in Nottinghamshire, p. 403: Daily Telegraph, 6 May 1974, 3 March 1976.
At the start of term, p. 404: Daily Telegraph, 15 and 16 Oct 1970, 20 July 1971.
The Queen came back home, p. 404: BBC, 16 July 1970; Daily Telegraph, 28 July 1970; statewatch.org.
In the autumn came a strike, p. 405: Daily Telegraph, 6 Oct 1970; Sunday Telegraph, 11 Oct 1970.
In Dec, electricians, p. 405: The Guardian, 10 Dec 1970.
As was The Times, p. 406: The Times, 19 Nov 1971.
His aide Douglas Hurd, p. 407: Hurd, Memoirs p. 103.
Fifth, the Telegraph, p. 407: Hattersley, Fifty Years On, pp. 218–220; Beckett, When The Lights Went Out, p. 61 and 86; Turner, Crisis? What Crisis?, p. 11–12; The Guardian 11 and 19 Feb 1972; Daily Telegraph 11 and 17 Feb 1972.
We were in a class war, p. 407: Beckett, When the Lights Went Out, p. 65.
The whole bill was so complex, p. 408: Whitehead, Writing on the Wall, p. 71.
The very first test case, p. 408: Hattersley, Fifty Years On, pp. 216–7; Daily Telegraph, 17 June 1972, 28 July 1972, 21 Dec 2007; Birmingham Post, 25–28 July 1972.
We have bent our own rules, p. 410: Daily Telegraph, 13 May 1972.
Barbers 1972 budget, p. 410: The Times, 22 March 1972.
5 Down among the dead elms
By 1970, Britain’s most famous village, p. 412: Hendy, Life on Air, pp. 107–8; Smethurst, The Archers, pp. 118–121 and 128; Firth and Arnot, Archers Archives, p. 56.
For most of the population, p. 413: Paxman, The English.
In December 1970, Country Life, p. 414: Country Life, 31 Dec 1970, 22 April and 28 Oct 1971, 2 Nov 1973; The Observer, 20 March 1972; The Guardian, 22 Feb 1972.
Even the magazine p. 415: Industrial Management, Oct 1971.
Harrods estate agency, p. 415: The Times, 25 Oct 1971.
This was precipitated, p. 415: Country Life, 21 Nov 1974; Daily Telegraph, 15 June 2002; Roy Strong Diaries 1974
Three enthusiasts, p. 416: Daily Telegraph, 26 June 1974.
The Test-cricketer-turned-writer, p. 416: The Observer, 10 Sep 1972.
In early 1971, four blokes, p. 417: The Times, 1 May 1961 and 20 Aug 1973; The Guardian, 28 Aug 1973.
Round about 1975, p. 419: Clouston and Stansfield, After the Elm, p. 4; Wilkinson, Epitaph for the Elm, pp. 142 and 146; The Times, 27 April 1974.
The Daily Mirror thought, p. 419: Daily Mirror and Daily Express, 10 Feb 1970.
Prophecies of doom, p. 420: The Times, 24 April 1972, 1 April 1972, 21 Sep and 2 Oct 1978; Daily Telegraph, 24 Aug and 22 Sep 1977.
What we want are fifty-ton, p. 420: James, The Middle Class, p. 480-1.
Weeks after Plummer, p. 421: The Guardian, 25 July 1970; The Observer,2 Aug 1970; The Guardian, 7 Aug 1970; roads.org.uk.
Twenty years on, p. 422: Fergusson, Sack of Bath, p. 12.
Have attitudes to comprehensive, p. 422: The Times, 3 June 1972.
Ditto John Betjeman, p. 424: Letter from Betjeman to Daily Telegraph, 6 Nov 1965.
6 And the bands played on
Asked what he felt, p. 428: Daily Express, 8 April 1970.
The brief passage, p. 429: 1907 Conservative Party General Election Manifesto, http://www.conservativemanifesto.com/1970/1970-conservative-manifesto.shtml.
Two weeks after the election, p. 429: Andrew Walsh, History Press, thehistorypress.co.uk/articles/the-falls-curfew-reassessing-the-past.
In 2019, a bright and thoughtful, p. 429: Patricia Davidson, BBC News, 12 Aug 2019.
The idea of Belfast as a war zone, p. 429: The Guardian, 6 July 1970.
It was like stepping back, p. 430: author’s interview with anonymous civil servant, 2021.
Everyone was terribly nice, p. 430: ibid..
The average annual death toll, p. 430: Police Service of Northern Ireland, Road Traffic Collision Statistics, www.psni.police.uk
That March, Maudling, p. 431: McKittrick & McVea, Making Sense of The Troubles pp. 66–67.
So, before dawn, p. 432: The Times, 10, 12 and 14 Aug 1971.
There would in time be, p. 432: McKittrick and McVea, Making Sense of The Troubles, pp. 68–70.
There can be little doubt, p. 432: O’Doherty, Year of Chaos, pp. 52–4 and 73.
One microcosm, p. 433: Frank McNally, Irish Times,11 May 2021.
The scene there, p. 433: The Guardian, 31 Jan 1972.
Thirteen unarmed civilians, p. 434: Principal Conclusions and Overall Assessment of the Bloody Sunday Inquiry,15 June 2010.
Another writer, Kevin Myers, p. 435: Myers, Watching the Door, p. 77.
In time Steenson, p. 435: The Guardian, 16 March 1987; New York Times, 29 March 1987.
Once a customer, p. 436: Irish Times, 6 Jan 2017.
The Stormont parliament, p. 437: Daily Telegraph, 25 March 1972.
William Whitelaw, p. 437: Longford, Lord and McHardy, Anne, Ulster, p. 152.
It did give cover, p. 437: McKittrick and McVea, Making Sense, p. 84.
On a rare balmy Friday, p. 438: The Guardian, 22 July 1972; The Observer and Sunday Times, 23 July 1972; Cain Archive, cain.ulster.ac.uk; Belfast Child, belfastchildis.com.
It is said that the technique, p. 438: British Medical Journal, 7 Jan 1995; BBC, 20 July 1972; Irish Journal of Medical Science, 2017.
But there was another outrage, p. 439: The Guardian, 1 Aug 1972 and 21 Sep 2002; BBC News, 24 Oct 2010.
In Sep 1970, p. 440: The Observer, 13 Sep 1970.
And when the Queen Elizabeth 2, p. 440: New York Times, 22 June 1972.
After the QE2 bomb threat, p. 441: The QE Story, theqe2story.com.
The assembly was not, p. 441: The Guardian and The Times, 6 Dec 1973.
When Heath returned, p. 442: The Guardian, 11 Dec 1973.
Forty-one innocent people, p. 443: Dillon, The Enemy Within, p. 155.
7 We’re in
His (rather clunky) maiden speech, p. 444: Hansard, 26 June 1950.
The result was what, p. 444: Young, This Blessed Plot, p. 215.
Enoch Powell had been associated, p. 445: Young, This Blessed Plot, pp. 223, 241 and 266.
Then again, the Daily Mail, p. 445: Daily Mail and Daily Express, 1 Jan 1973.
There was a “Fanfare for Europe”, p. 445: The Times, 2 and 4 Jan 1973.
The one immediate benefit, p. 446: Daily Telegraph, 2 Jan 1973.
In late March, p. 446: Daily Telegraph, 31 March 1973.
Denning insisted, p. 446: bailii.org; Addison, No Turning Back, p. 395.
Brian Parkyn, p. 447: Hansard, 25 July 1967.
He gave five years notice, p. 448: Daily Telegraph, 2 March and 13 Dec 1966.
As R. E. Plummer, p. 448: The Times, 27 Sep 1963.
There were a few predictable incidents, p. 448: Daily Express, 16 Feb 1971.
In 1974 it took, p. 449: Daily Telegraph, 20 June 1974.
The Department for Prices, p. 449: Daily Telegraph, 19 April 1978,
At one point the British, p. 449: The Times, 3 March 1976.
The British boards final report, p. 450: Final Report of the Metrication Board (1980), www.dti.gov.uk/ccp/.
The main aim, p. 451: Daily Telegraph, 5 March 1964.
8 He’s out
A gallon of petrol, p. 452: The Guardian, 17 July 1970.
In Sep, The Economist, p. 453: Campbell, Edward Heath, pp. 468, 528–533.
Heath did not share, p. 453: The Times, 2 Nov 1973; Campbell, Edward Heath, p. 563.
But by Jan, p. 453: Whitehead, The Writing on the Wall, p. 102.
But the coal board, p. 453: Milligan, The New Barons, p. 110.
The Times front page, p. 454: The Times, 15 Nov 1973.
Two days later, the paper, p. 454: The Times, 17 Nov 1973.
Interest rates were rising, p. 454: The Times, 7 Dec 1970.
Just before New Year, p. 455: The Times, 29 Dec 1973 and 4 Jan 1974.
The three-day week, p. 455: Campbell, Edward Heath.
There was some resistance, p. 455: The Times, 22 Dec 1973; Sunday Telegraph, 23 Dec 1973; The Times, 7 Jan 1974.
The only public intimation, p. 456: The Times, 11 Feb 1974; Wheen, Strange Days Indeed, pp. 60–61; Butler and Kavanagh, The British General Election of February 1974, p. 42; Sandbrook, State of Emergency, pp. 610–1.
Two things happened, p. 457: The Times, 8 Feb 1974; The Guardian, 22 Feb 1974; The Observer, 24 Feb 1974.
The Daily Mail, p. 457: Donoughue,The Heat of the Kitchen, p. 112.
The story appeared later, p. 457 footnote: BBC, 8 Nov 1974.
The Conservatives later concluded, p. 458: Butler and Kavanagh, The British General Election of February 1974, p. 42
9 It’s that man again
As they woke to the news, p. 460: The Guardian, 7 April 1974; The Times, 8 April 1974.
The new Chancellor, p. 460: The Guardian, 27 March 1974; Healey, Time of My Life, p. 380.
The unions have tailored, p. 460: The Times, 18 March 1974.
The social contract was, p. 461: Addison, No Turning Back, pp. 261–2; Daily Telegraph, 22 June 1974; Donoughue,The Heat of the Kitchen, p. 138.
By September it was, p. 461: The Times, 25 Sep 1974.
This time it was Ford’s turn, p. 461: Butler and Kavanagh, The British General Election of October 1974.
Enoch Powell was back, p. 462: Heffer, Like the Roman, p. 730.
A degree of legal privilege, p. 464: Booker, The Neophiliacs, p. 109.
By Jan 1975, p. 464: Daily Telegraph, 18 and 21 Jan 1975.
In February, miners’ leaders, p. 464: Daily Express, 7 Feb 1975.
The plan was a £6 flat-rate, p. 464: Pimlott, Harold Wilson, p. 663; Donoghue, The Heat of the Kitchen, pp. 68-70.
In those years, no one was, p. 465: Timmins, Five Giants, pp. 346–8; Hattersley, Fifty Years On, p. 237.
At the Christie Hospital, p. 466: Daily Telegraph,6 and 8 March 1975; Timmins, Five Giants, p. 331–2.
But in 1975, p. 466: Timmins, Five Giants, p. 318–39.
Shortly afterwards, John O’Sullivan, p. 467: Sunday Times 20 Oct 74; author’s interview with O’Sullivan, 2018.
The Tory MP Julian Critchley, p. 468: Critchley, Bag of Boiled Sweets, p. 141.
Heath did hold occasional, p. 468: Whitehead, The Writing on the Wall, p. 325.
She had the courage, p. 468 Whitehead, The Writing on the Wall, p. 328.
It is contrary, p. 469: Hansard, 24 Nov 1969.
Margaret Thatcher, in her first, p. 469: Hansard, 11 March 1975.
People took a contemptuous view, p. 469: Pimlott, Harold Wilson, p. 592; Morgan, Callaghan, p. 428.
And it was all just credible, p. 470: Pimlott, Harold Wilson, p. 653.
The previous autumn, p. 470: Saunders, Yes to Europe!, p. 2.
It is naturally, p. 470: The Times, 17 April 1975.
Christopher Soames, p. 470: Young, This Blessed Plot, p. 289.
The Guardian political columnist, p. 471: The Guardian, 7 and 11 June 1975.
On his first day back, p. 471: Pimlott, Harold Wilson.
In his official history, p. 471: Andrew, Defence of the Realm, p. 632.
I never entirely dismissed, p. 471: Donoughue,The Heat of the Kitchen, p. 186.
The PM’s close associates, p. 472: Donoughue, The Heat of the Kitchen, p. 181; Haines, Glimmers of Twilight, p. xvii; The Times,10 March 1976
The country was hardly in clover, p. 472: The Times,17 June 1975, 29 Jan and 20 Feb 1976; Daily Telegraph, 1 and 22 Aug, 15 Oct 1975; The Guardian, 6 March 1976.
In the New Statesman, p. 474: New Statesman, 19 March 1976.
9 Change and decay
General Sir Walter Walker, p. 475: Daily Telegraph, 23 and 28 Aug 1974.
When Sir Douglas Allen, p. 476: London Review of Books, 13 Sep 2018.
Denis Healey said in Jan 1974, p. 476: The Times, 19 Jan 1974.
Heath was livid, p. 476: Daily Express, 29 March and 26 Sep 1973.
Peter Jenkins, p. 476: The Observer, 31 May 1992.
In God Is an Englishman, p. 477: Horne, God Is an Englishman, p. 215.
It was followed over, p. 477: Horne, God Is an Englishman, pp. 203, 221 and 217.
The American Martin J. Wiener, p. 477: Wiener, English Culture,p. 163; New Society, 28 April 1977.
Mostly it wasn’t anybody’s, p. 478: Personal interview, Edgerton, 2021.
Quite a lot of makes, p. 478: The Times, 9 July 1974 and 11 Oct 1974; London Review of Books, 22 Nov 2018; www.aronline.co.uk.
In May 1975, p. 479: Wheen, Strange Days Indeed, p. 251.
Bernard Nossiter, p. 479: Beckett, When The Lights Went Out, pp. 415–6.
Anthony Lewis, p. 479: New York Times, 2 Aug 1973.
As a Tory back-room, p. 479: Mount, Cold Cream, pp. 253–4.
In 1972, as the mills, p. 480: The Lancashire Textile Project, 2013, http://ltp2013.oneguyfrombarlick.co.uk; Mary Wilkin interview with Stanley Graham.
Veering towards the frigate, p. 481: The Times, 10 Jan 1976.
Iceland said that if Britain p. 481: Yorkshire Post, 21 Dec 2015.
In 1974 Kuwait, p. 481: The Times, 7 Sep 1974; Daily Telegraph, 22 June 1976; Vanity Fair, 23 June 2011; The Times, 17 Jan 1985; Sunday Telegraph, 5 Dec 1976.
That was the year, p. 482: Daily Telegraph, 17 Jan 1977; The Times, 5 March 1985; Daily Telegraph, 22 Nov 1977.
In 1976, British dockers,, p. 482: Daily Express, 9 Aug 1976; Daily Telegraph, 15 June 1978 and 8 Nov 1980.
Even before England failed, p. 483: The Times, 13 July 1977.
Harry Haslam, the manager, p. 484: Daily Telegraph, 20 July 1978.
About a quarter of Britons, p. 484: Beckett, When The Lights Went Out, pp. 175 and 415.
But the top three countries, p. 484-5: Daily Telegraph, 23 March 1977; National Museum of Australia, nma.gov.au.
So South Africa, p. 485: Turner, Crisis? What Crisis?, pp. 279–80.
In November 1975, p. 485: BBC, 4 Nov 1975; The Guardian and Daily Mirror, 5 Nov 1975; Daily Telegraph, 25 Nov 1977.
11 Anarchy on the King’s Road
The Sun’s generally uninhibited p. 486: Bingham, Family Newspapers?, pp. 89–90.
Despite all this, p. 487: Shrapnel, The Seventies, p. 127.
One explanation for the appeal, p. 487: London Review of Books, 10 March 2022.
There was something even James, p. 487: Ferris, Sex and the British.
The facts became clearer, p. 487: Ferris, Sex and the British, pp. 231–2.
Forum, a mildly lubricious, p. 488: The Guardian, 14 Feb 1979.
And in South London, p. 488: Sunday Times, 22 Nov 2015; ODNB: Cynthia Payne
The women’s magazine, p. 488: Ferris, Sex and the British, p. 237.
Although consensual homosexual, p. 489: Peter Tatchell Foundation, petertatchellfoundation.org.
In Burnley an attempt, p. 489: The Observer, 31 July 1971; The Guardian, 6 and 9 April 1973.
In 1972, after a few failed, p. 489: The Guardian, 2 Sep 1972.
A few months earlier, p. 490: Sounes, Seventies, pp. 140–141.
Five years later Tom Robinson, p. 490: The Guardian, 10 Aug 1977.
In March 1974, Sunday Times, p. 491: Sunday Times, 24 March 1974, et seq.
In 1972 she had given, p. 491: Sunday Times, 12 March 1972.
In 1975, the Guardian, p. 492: The Guardian, 26 and 28 Aug and 5 Sep 1975.
Before finally departing, p. 492: Daily Express, 7 May 1971.
In some cases, the most unexpected, p. 492: Daily Express, 30 Jan 1970; Daily Mail, 1 Nov 1974; Daily Telegraph, 9 Feb 1977; Turner, Crisis? What Crisis? pp. 252–3.
Meanwhile, a report from, p. 493: The Times, 6 Sep 1974; The Guardian, 9 March 1976.
O’Carroll lost his job, p. 493: Sunday Times, 28 Feb 2016; Thomson, Lost Freedom, p. 175.
In the opening days of the decade, p. 494: Daily Express, 12 Jan 1970.
A chaos of quiffs, p. 495: Hebdige, Subculture, p. 29.
Musically, it began in Britain, p. 496: The100club.co.uk.
There was predictable fury, p. 496: The Times, 3 Dec 1976.
The Pistols version p. 497: Miles, London Calling, p. 361.
11 Heatwave and humiliation
Indeed, the threat that water, p. 500: The Times, 27 Aug and 3 Sep 1976; Daily Telegraph, 26 and 30 June, 12 July, 23 Aug and 22 Nov 1976; Sunday Times,27 June 1976; Daily Express, 25 and 28 June 1976; The Times,22 July 2013; BBC News, 5 March 2016.
One explanation came from, p. 500: Daily Express, 26 June 1976.
On the baked savannah, p. 501: Daily Express, 29 July 1976; Daily Telegraph, 3 Aug 1976; Daily Mirror, 7 Aug 1976; Sunday Times, 8 Aug 1976.
In October 1976, p. 501: Daily Telegraph, 15 Oct 1976.
As his speechwriter, p. 502: Lipsey, Corridors of Power, pp. 116–7.
Even Bernard Donoughue, p. 502: Donoughue, The Heat of the Kitchen, pp. 10 and 88.
More like a Tory premier, p. 503: Shrapnel, The Seventies, p. 97.
John OSullivan, p. 504: Daily Telegraph, 29 Sep 1976.
Objective and personable, p. 504: Healey, Time of My Life, p. 430.
Callaghan accused Witteveen, p. 504: Morgan, Callaghan, pp. 542–7; Whitehead, Writing on the Wall, pp. 198–200; Daily Telegraph (Whittome obituary).
12 Flaps, sir!
On 18 July 1972, p. 506: Pilotfriend.com; baaa-acro.com; Daily Telegraph, 9 June and 28 Nov 1972, 11 and 23 Jan 1973, 10 May 1973; author’s interview with Rob Jenkinson, 2021.
If eighty is not satisfactory, p. 508: Daily Express, 16 July 1970; The Times, 26 July 1970.
In any case, Peyton, p. 508: Daily Express, 12 Aug 1970; The Times, 21 Aug 1970.
This was probably the peak year p. 509: The history of transport systems in the UK, Government Office for Science, 2018.
Albert Booth, p. 510: Hansard, 20 July 1979.
He believed that he was, p. 510: The Times, 14 March 1984.
And, in the three years, p. 510: Facts on Motorcycle Casualties, Department for Transport, 2015.
One Labour MP, George Strauss, p. 510: Hansard, 5 April 1973.
14 The land of lost content
In its first issue of the decade, p. 512: The Times, 6 Jan 1970.
Professor Mathew Thomson, p. 512: Thomson, Lost Freedom, pp. 133–146.
The pioneering woman boxer, p. 513: The Guardian, 21 Feb 2020.
No childhood epitomized, p. 513: Maxtone Graham, British Summer Time, p. 24.
One group of children, p. 514: The Times, 20 Aug 1970.
In the Central ward, p. 514: The Times, 24 April 1971.
Further up the age scale, p. 514: Daily Mirror, 14 April 1972.
In 1971 there was, p. 514: Daily Telegraph, 2 April, 24 and 29 Sep, and 1 Oct 1971.
That same winter a Rospa survey, p. 515: Daily Telegraph, 12 Jan 1978.
It was called Pong, p. 515: The Times, 6 Jan 1978; Daily Telegraph, 28 March 1978.
In 1974, Tyndale acquired, p. 515: The Guardian, 17 July and 19 Oct 1976; The Observer, 18 July 1976; John Davis, Oxford Review of Education, June/Sep 2002.
After Jim Callaghan’s, p. 516: Whitehead, Writing on the Wall, p. 215; Sunday Times, 26 Nov 1978.
That year, delegates, p. 517: Daily Telegraph, 27 May 1974; The Times, 20 March and 4 April 1972.
One unintended consequence, p. 517: Daily Mirror, 6 Feb and 10 Dec 1976.
Another issue for comprehensives, p. 517: Green and Kynaston, Engines of Privilege, pp. 84 and 88; Sampson, Anatomy of Britain Today, p. 209; Daily Telegraph, 10 Dec 1970 and 11 Jan 1975; The Times (Woodhouse obituary), 15 Oct 2021.
At bath time, p. 518: Cameron, For the Record, p. 20-1
In 1970 she had a close encounter, p. 519: The Times, 1 July 1970 and 21 March 1974; Daily Telegraph, 5 and 8 March 1975.
15 Mark the herald angels sing
But the days had gone, p. 520: Hansard, 20 Feb 1951.
Nine years after escaping, p. 522: Delano, Slip-Up, pp. 14–15; Daily Express, 2, 4 and 5 Feb 1974.
The guns were often, p. 523: Campbell, Underworld, pp. 157 and 162.
The Sunday Telegraph, p. 523: Sunday Telegraph, 1 Oct 1972; Black et al., Reassessing 1970s Britain, p. 200.
But the skinhead style, p. 523: Bowling, Violent Racism, pp. 42–3; Turner, Crisis? What Crisis?, p. 64.
Even fiction could set off, p. 524: Sounes, Seventies, p. 128.
Stylish too, p. 524, footnote: Campbell, Underworld, p. 275.
Peter Coe of Bath, p. 524: Shrapnel, The Seventies, p. 155.
16 The girl that I marry
Shortly after Jim Callaghan, p. 525: Interview, 2018.
The Queens political skills, p. 525: Lacey, Royal, p. 235.
The ex-king’s funeral, p. 526: Pimlott, The Queen,, p. 408.
This was all good practice, p. 526: Hardman, Our Queen, p. 137; visitbucharesttoday.com.
She did, however, surrender, p. 526, footnote: The Times, 6 Aug 1970.
Prince Philip now outdid, p. 527: London Review of Books, 10 Feb 2022.
The family found the article, p. 527: Daily Express, 31 July 1970.
When the car pulled up, p. 527: Glenconner, Lady in Waiting, p. 171.
But in Feb 1976, p. 528: William Hickey, Daily Express, 2 Feb 1976.
After Margaret’s funeral, p. 528: Glenconner, Lady in Waiting, p. 287.
On the Sunday after Christmas 1973, p. 529: Dimbleby, Prince of Wales, pp. 182–4 (Camilla), p. 258 (list of girlfriends), p. 265 (Amanda); Lacey, Royal, pp. 262–4; The Times,31 Dec 1973; Daily Express,17 June 1977 and 13 Nov 1978; Daily Mirror, 17 June 1979; Whitaker, Settling Down, pp. 120–1.
Prince Andrew, aged 14, p. 531: Daily Express, 2 Oct 1974
In 1977, for the first time, p. 531: The Times, 4 April and 9 May 1977; Lacey, Royal, p. 244.
In Scotland, which had just swung, p. 532: Press & Journal, Aberdeen, 20 and 21 May 1977.
Lord Altrincham, p. 532: Sunday Times, 29 May 1977.
17 The madman of Kampala
In 1970, Prince Charles, p. 533: Reuters, 9 Oct 1970; Daily Telegraph, 10, 11 and 12 July 1973.
There was also, notionally, Rhodesia, p. 533: Godwin and Hancock, Rhodesians Never Die, p. 87; Peter Niesewand, The Guardian, 6 Aug 1974.
In the affairs of another, p. 534: Wheen, Strange Days Indeed, pp. 230–1; Daily Telegraph, 17 Feb 1971; The Guardian, 14 March 2009.
The latest archival research, p. 535: Aldrich, Harriet, Uganda, Southern Sudan and the Idi Amin Coup, The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, vol. 48, no. 6 (2020), pp. 1111–1129.
In 1978, the journalist Ian Jack, p. 536: Jack, , pp. 65–78.
18 Race and immigration
A year and a half after taking power, p. 537: The Guardian, 17 and 25 Aug, 1 and 8 Sep 1972; Daily Express, 25 Aug and 6 Oct 1972.
A hippy might be, p. 538: Miles, London Calling, p. 302.
In 1976, a group of young, p. 539: Daily Telegraph, 21 May 1976.
And it was against this background, p. 539: The Guardian, 1 and 2 Sep 1976, 4, 5, 30 and 31 Aug 1977, 30 Aug 1978; Daily Telegraph, 3 Aug 1977.
Wretched and racialist, p. 540: Campbell, Edward Heath, p. 392; Goodhart, The British Dream, pp. 145–6.
In addition to the Bengalis, p. 540: Winder, Bloody Foreigners, p. 298.
By 1976, 40 per cent, p. 540: Whitehead, Writing on the Wall, p. 224.
And yet people were still, p. 541: Daily Express, 5 July 1973 and 13 Feb 1974; Daily Telegraph, 18 Aug 1973.
The extreme right-wing, p. 541: Daily Express, 4 Oct 1976; Daily Telegraph, 22 Jan 1977.
In Jan 1978, p. 541: Moore, Margaret Thatcher, p. 382; Sandbrook, Seasons in the Sun, p. 593; Heffer, Like the Roman, p. 801.
Clyde Best remembers, p. 543: The Times, 10 Oct 2020.
Ces Podd, born in St Kitts, p. 543: theathletic.com, 19 Oct 2020.
Williamss shtick, p. 543: The Guardian and Daily Telegraph, 4 Sep 2006.
The ITV sitcom, p. 544: The Guardian,22 Feb 2022.
The BBC quietly gave way, p. 544: The Guardian, 29 Dec 1971 and 24 June 1978.
19 Weirder still and weirder
Among Lucans alleged escape, p. 545: The Guardian, 30 June 2000.
I regard not finding, p.546: Press Gazette, 22 Aug 2011.
Jim Slater, who was described, p. 547: Patrick Hutber, Sunday Telegraph, 19 March 1972.
The shares they bought, p. 547: The Independent, 15 Dec 1992.
One was Rose Dugdale, p. 547: MacCarthy, Last Curtsey, pp. 253–8; Independent, Ireland, 4 May 2014; The Times, 17 June 2022.
The case of the Manacled Mormon, p. 548: Daily Telegraph, 16, 19, 20, 21 Sep 1977 and 24 June 1978; Sunday Telegraph, 18 Sep 1977; , Sunday Express 18 Sep 1977; Daily Express, 7 and 24 Nov 1977; Daily Telegraph, 7 Dec 1977 and 19 April 1978; author’s interview, Bob Marshall-Andrews, 2021.
On a wild, in every sense, p. 550: Freeman and Penrose, Rinkagate, p. 217; Preston, A Very English Scandal, pp. 202–3.
The trail led easily, p. 550: The Guardian, 30 Jan 1976; personal information; speech by Norman Scott at Hay Festival, 27 May 2022.
Bessell told the Daily Mail, p. 552: Daily Mail, 6 May 1976; Sunday Times, 9 May 1976; Preston, A Very English Scandal, pp. 239–240; Freeman and Penrose, Rinkagate, pp. 238–240.
20 The people’s pleasures
The TV mania, p. 554: Moran, Armchair Nation, p. 192; Anthony Sampson, The Observer, 12 July 1970; The Guardian, 14 Oct 1970.
But Concorde – super-fast, p. 555: The Guardian, 17 Oct 2003.
Freddie Laker, p. 556: Daily Telegraph, 26 Sep 1977; The Times, 3 Aug 1978.
21 Hearth and health
In 1971, just over a tenth, p. 558: BBC News, 9 March 2013, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21698533; BBC News, 19 April 2013, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-22214728; Gov.uk, Live tables on housing supply, https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/live-tables-on-house-building.
One twenty-four-storey tower block, p. 558: Andrew O’Hagan, London Review of Books, 7 June 2018.
The London historian, p. 559: Inwood, History of London, p. 881.
The major problem, p. 559: Hansard, 16 April 1973; Rose, Rogues and Vagabonds, pp. 198–9.
John Boughton, p. 559: Boughton, Municipal Dreams, p. 143.
Before Barbara Castle, p. 559: Timmins, Five Giants, p. 291; Campbell, Edward Heath, p. 381.
In Sep 1978, p. 560: The Guardian, 21 Nov 2020.
22 The eerie quiet, the bitter harvest
The prime minister’s biographer, p. 561: Morgan, Callaghan, p. 557.
The government sent for the famously, p. 563: Beckett, When The Lights Went Out, p. 360–3; Whitehead, Writing on the Wall, pp. 216–20; The Guardian, 28 Dec 2010; The Independent, 1 May 2012.
In a system of belief, p. 564: New Statesman, 9 and 16 Sep 1977; The Spectator, 21 Oct 1978; Levin obituaries in The Times and The Guardian, 10 Oct 2004.
The dispute lasted nine weeks, p. 565: Interview, Donald Macintyre, 2022; The Guardian, 14 Jan 1978.
In 1978 and 1979, p. 565: Turner, Crisis? What Crisis? pp. 190–1.
It was a gamble, p. 565: The Times, 2 Feb 1978.
Another pocket dynamo, p. 566: The Guardian, 27 Nov 1976, 11 Feb, 11 Oct 1977, 13 Feb 1980 and 5 Feb 1986; The Observer, 2 Jan 1977; Longford and McHardy, Ulster, p. 179.
And fortunately, according, p. 568: Donoughue, The Heat of the Kitchen, p. 155.
In 1978, the IRA, p. 568: McKittrick and McVea, Making Sense, pp. 115 and 129.
Almost every golf course, p. 568: Andy Bull, The Guardian, 20 July 2019.
And in the midst, p. 568: Shrapnel, The Seventies, p. 165; The Guardian, 21 Sep 1978.
In Sep 1978, p. 569: The Times and The Guardian, 6 Sep 1978.
The Cabinet was blindsided, p. 569: Donoughue, The Heat of the Kitchen, p. 261.
Callaghan wanted to impose, p. 570: Sandbrook, Seasons in the Sun, p. 719.
Even the Thatcher-loving, p. 570: Daily Telegraph, 8 Jan 1979.
But there was downtime, p. 570: Morgan, Callaghan, p. 616; Beckett, When The Lights Went Out p. 480–2; The Times, 25 May 2019.
No leadership qualities, p. 571: Healey, Time of My Life, p. 468.
Then London’s public service workers, p. 571: Beckett, When the Lights Went Out, p. 473; Daily Telegraph, 20 Jan and 2 Feb 1979.
By then, a Royal Commission, p. 572: Oil of Scotland, Secret Oil Reports, oilofscotland.org/mccrone_oil_reports.html; The Scotsman, 9 March 2019; The National, 5 Oct 2020; The Spectator, 6 Feb 2022.
The SNP didn’t think the bill, p. 573: Author’s interview with Sir Tom Devine, 2022.
One Labour anti-devolutionist, p. 573: Daily Telegraph, 12 Jan 1979.
22 Change and echoes
In North London, Gwendoline Johnson, p. 575: Daily Telegraph, 9 Jan 1979.
The out-of-town hypermarket, p. 575: Turner, Crisis? What Crisis? p. 246; Carrefour – Wales’ First Hypermarket 1972, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vO-MilzhJ-k.
In 1977, Tesco pulled out, p. 575: Daily Telegraph, 23 Sep 1977; The Times, 31 July 1978.
In 1979, Ian MacLaurin, p. 576: Sunday Times, 30 June 2019.
In his foreword, Driver, p. 576: The Guardian, 28 Feb 1978.
The Daily Mail was impressed, p. 576: Daily Mail, 30 Nov 1974.
The BBC, whose Prom, p. 577: Daily Telegraph, 19 July 1970.
Even Sir George Godber, p. 577: The Times, 22 Oct 1977: The Times, 21 Sep 1970 and 22 Oct 1970; Daily Telegraph, 28 Sep 1981 and 15 Oct 1991; The Pub History Society, http://www.pubhistorysociety.co.uk/nosmoking.html.
Apparently, patrons were respectfully, p. 577 footnote: The Times, 3 Aug 2021.
The drinking culture, p. 578: Campbell, A Well-Rounded Man, p. 287; The Times, 16 Jan 2018 and 2 Feb 2018.
At Reuters news agency, p. 578: Simpson, Strange Places, p. 126.
1979 was the first year, p. 578: Peter Wilby, New Statesman, 11 June 2021.
Some of them hardly bigger, p. 579: The Guardian, 23 June 1978.
Five years after the teenage heiress, p. 579: Daily Express, 9 May 1973; Daily Telegraph, 26 and 27 July 1977.
In 1978, Keith Moon, p. 580: Daily Mail, 10 Oct 2018.
Dempster, said Princess Margaret’s lover, p. 580: Willis, Nigel Dempster, p. 129.
For many years the Guinness, p. 580: Daily Telegraph, 18 July 1973; ODNB.
Berger reputedly gave, p. 581: Daily Telegraph, 6 Oct 1973; Sunday Times, 25 Sep 1977.
Dr Barbara Moore, p. 581: The Guardian, 6 May 1977; New York Times, 15 May 1977.
24 The Woman’s Hour
According to Charles Moore, p. 583: Moore, Margaret Thatcher, p. 402.
These things say much, p. 583: Roy Hattersley, The Observer, 22 March 2009.
The old navy man, p. 584: Butler and Kavanagh, The British General Election of 1979, p. 184.
She avoided hard-edged interviewers, p. 585: Adam Raphael and Geoffrey Wansell, The Observer, 22 April 1979.
Unusually, the despatch found, p. 586: The Economist, 2 June 1979.
Yet when The Times, p. 586: The Times, 17 Aug 1977.
By the late seventies, 96 per cent, p. 586: The Times, 24 Jan 1978; The Economist, 19 March 2022; Whitehead, The Writing on the Wall, p. 401.
Andreas Whittam Smith, p. 587: Daily Telegraph, 18 Nov 1977.
The Times commented, p. 587: The Times, 2 June 1978.
In 1978, the UK’s Gini coefficient, p. 587: Institute for Fiscal Studies / Financial Times, 8 May 2009.
Even The Archers correctly predicted, p. 588: Daily Telegraph, 3 May 1979.
A worldly aide advised, p. 589: Moore, Margaret Thatcher, p. 419.
[ODNB = Oxford Dictionary of National Biography] [CAB = Cabinet paper]